Laboratory Writing

Several units in this book thus far have been devoted to scientific writing. From the writing of scientific manuscripts (Unit IV) and specific scientific correspondence (Unit V) to curriculum vitae and cover letters (Unit IX). As important as the writing

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ENGLISH FOR BIOMEDICAL SCIENTISTS 123

English for Biomedical Scientists Ramón Ribes  ·  Palma Iannarelli Rafael F. Duarte

Ramón Ribes  ·  Palma Iannarelli Rafael F. Duarte

English for Biomedical Scientists

Ramón Ribes Hospital Reina Sofia Serv. Radiología 14005 Córdoba Spain

Palma Iannarelli University College London Gower Street London United Kingdom WC1E 6BT

Rafael F. Duarte Hospital Duran i Reynals Inst. Català d’Oncologia Servicio de Hematología Clinica Av. Gan Via s/n km 2.7, 08907 Barcelona Spain

ISBN: 978-3-540-77126-5 e-ISBN: 978-3-540-77127-2 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-77127-2 Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg London NewYork Library of Congress Control Number: 2009926060 © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2009 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is ­concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, ­broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations are liable to prosecution under the German Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant ­protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Product liability: The publishers cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information about dosage and application contained in this book. In every individual case the user must check such information by consulting the relevant literature. Cover design: Estudio Calamar, F. Steinen-Broo, Pau/Girona, Spain Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)

To my sister Carmen Ribes Bautista for always being there. Ramón Ribes

To our son, who is a wonderful blend of our three cultures. Rafael F. Duarte & Palma Iannarelli

Preface

Biomedical scientists wishing to improve their capacity to communicate effectively in scientific English can find a great abundance of texts on the topic, from standard textbooks on English grammar to more practical manuals on scientific writing. Why then, you may wonder, would anyone want to write yet another book about scientific English? The quick answer is that our book is the first one to be aimed at a different group of readers. Other books on scientific English are written exclusively by and for native English speakers. Even the books that have added occasional chapters or appendixes for the benefit of international readers take for granted that their readership’s mother tongue is English. The reality is that this is not the case for virtually all international biomedical scientists working in non-English-speaking countries. Even so, they still need to communicate in scientific