Lake Victoria Ecology, Resources, Environment

Recently, there has been, and continues to be, a tremendous interest on Lake Victoria and its environs, both locally and internationally. A casual browsing on the Internet indicates that the entries on the Lake have been rising phenomenally. At the same t

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Joseph L. Awange Obiero Ong'ang'a

Lake Victoria Ecology, Resources, Environment

With 83 Figures

AUTHORS:

PROF. DR. ING. JOSEPH L. AWANGE DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES MASENO UNIVERSITY P.O. BOX 333 MASENO, KENYA E-mail: [email protected]

ISBN 10 ISBN 13

DR. OBIERO ONG'ANG'A OSIENALA (FRIENDS OF LAKE VICTORIA) P.O.BOX 4580-40103 KISUMU, KENYA E-mail: [email protected]

3-540-32574-3 Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York 978-3-540-32574-1 Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York

Library of Congress Control Number: 2006924571 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer-Verlag. Violations are liable to prosecution under the German Copyright Law.

Springer is a part of Springer Science+Business Media springeronline.com © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2006 Printed in The Netherlands The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Cover design: E. Kirchner, Heidelberg Production: A. Oelschläger Typesetting: Camera-ready by the Authors Printed on acid-free paper 30/2132/AO 543210

For along time, Professor Oyugi Aseto and the authors had a vision of writing a book on Lake Victoria. Man plans but the final say lies with our Almighty GOD. Professor Oyugi Aseto passed away before the writing of the book commenced. This book is dedicated to him in recognition to his work on Lake Victoria. Indeed, he worked tirelessly on poverty issues affecting the lake and its environs. His contribution will be greatly missed. Joseph L. Awange and Obiero Ong’ang’a January 2006

Preface

Recently, there has been, and continues to be, a tremendous interest on Lake Victoria and its environs, both locally and internationally. A casual browsing on the Internet indicates that the entries on the Lake have been rising phenomenally. At the same time, the issues discussed are as diverse as they are varied in their treatment of the subject, both in terms of depth and comprehensiveness. The information on Lake Victoria and its environ is scattered, isolated, and sometimes confusing even though documentation on the subject are available. Despite this situation, the fact remains that various people (e.g., secondary and university students, researchers, practitioners, etc.,) would like to access and know more about the Lake and its environs. Aware of the existing information gap about this world’s second largest fresh water Lake, this book is intended to prov