Land Use and Society Geography, Law, and Public Policy

The intersection between geography and law is a critical yet often overlooked element of land-use decisions, with a widespread impact on how societies use the land, water, and biodiversity around them. Land Use and Society, Third Edition is a clear and co

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Geography, Law, and Public Policy

Rutherford H. Platt

Land Use and Society

Land Use and Society Geography, Law, and Public Policy Third Edition

Rutherford H. Platt

Washington | Covelo | London

Copyright © 2014, 2004, 1996 Rutherford H. Platt All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any means without permission in writing from the publisher: Island Press, 2000 M Street, NW, Suite 650, Washington, DC 20036 Island Press is a trademark of Island Press/The Center for Resource Economics. Library of Congress and CIP Data Platt, Rutherford H., author. Land use and society : geography, law, and public policy / by Rutherford H. Platt. -- Third Edition. pages cm Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-61091-453-6 (cloth : alk. paper) -- ISBN 1-61091-453-8 (cloth : alk. paper) -- ISBN 978-1-61091-454-3 (pbk. : alk. paper) -- ISBN 1-61091-454-6 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Land use-Law and legislation--United States. 2. Land use--United States. 3. Physical geography--United States. I. Title. KF5698.P588 2014 346.7304’5--dc23 2013042593

Printed on recycled, acid-free paper Manufactured in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Keywords: floodplains, humane metropolis, land use geography, land use law, land use regulation, local governance, property ownership, public health and safety regulations, smart growth, suburban sprawl, takings issue, water resource management, urban design, urban planning, urban renewal, wetlands, zoning regulations

Contents Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi Introduction: Geography, Law, and Landscape: Reflections from 30,000 Feet . . . . . . . . . 1 PART I Preliminaries: Land, Geography, and Law Chapter 1. Land Use and Society: Fundamentals and Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Chapter 2. Shaping the Human Landscape: The Interaction of Geography and Law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 PART II From Feudalism to Federalism: The Social Organization of Land Use Chapter 3. Historical Roots of American Land Use Institutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 Chapter 4. Building a Metropolitan Nation: 1900–1940 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 Chapter 5. The Polarized Metropolis: 1945–2010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 PART III Discordant Voices: The Land Use Decision Process Chapter 6. Property Rights: The Owner as Planner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 Chapter 7. The Patchwork of Local Governments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173 Chapter 8. Zoning, Regionalism, and Smart Growth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191 Chapter 9. Land Use and the Courts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213 Chapter 10. Congress and the Metropolitan Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .