Landfill site selection and landfill liner design for Ankara, Turkey
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Landfill site selection and landfill liner design for Ankara, Turkey Go¨zde Pınar Yal • Haluk Akgu¨n
Received: 6 August 2012 / Accepted: 18 February 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2013
Abstract Considering the high population growth rate of Ankara, it is inevitable that landfill(s) will be required in the area in the near future to sustain the sanitary waste disposal needs of the city. The main scope of this study is to select alternative landfill sites for Ankara based on the growing trends of Ankara toward the northwest, particularly toward the Sincan municipality, and to eventually select the best alternative through utilizing multi-criteria decision making. Landfill site selection was carried out utilizing Geographic Information System (GIS) and Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis. A number of criteria, namely, settlement, slope, proximity to roads, geology, availability and proximity of landfill containment material (i.e., clay for composite lining system), suitability for agriculture, erosion, vegetation cover and lineament system were gathered in a GIS environment. Each criterion was assigned a weight value by applying the Pairwise Comparison Method and the Analytical Hierarchy Method. In order to choose the best alternative, the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to the Ideal Solution, which is regarded as an ideal point method, was applied and a landfill site was selected. The geotechnical properties of the so-called ‘‘Ankara clay’’ that shows widespread distribution in Ankara were reviewed and assessed for its suitability as a compacted clay liner. Keywords Landfill site selection Pairwise Comparison Method (PCM) Analytical Hierarchy Method (AHP) The G. P. Yal SDS Enerji A.S¸ , Ankara, Turkey H. Akgu¨n (&) Geotechnology Unit, Department of Geological Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey e-mail: [email protected]
Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to the Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) Geotechnical properties of Ankara clay Sincan, Ankara
Introduction Ankara is the capital and second largest city of Turkey with a rather rapid population growth. The Mamak open dump landfill site which is the first waste deposition facility constructed in Ankara poses serious environmental risks. These risks arise mainly from improper site selection, namely, serious slope stability problems caused from situating the landfill in the proximity of a steep slope (i.e., the accumulated waste pile occasionally reaches a height of 10–15 m along a relatively steep slope which poses slope stability problems). An additional risk arises from the lack of a proper containment system where the leachate water is being channelized to a close-by valley, creating serious environmental risks for the adjacent residential areas. A third risk arises due to operational problems, namely, improper information on the amount and type of waste deposited, problems in compacting the old wastes that lie below the recently deposited wastes and uncontrolled
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