Language Acquisition and the Theory of Parameters
This book is perhaps the most stunning available demonstration of the explanatory power of the parametric approach to linguistic theory. It is akin, not to a deductive proof, but to the discovery of a footprint in a far-off place which leaves an archeolog
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STUDIES IN THEORETICAL PSYCHOLINGUISTICS
Managing Editors:
Tom Roeper, Dept. of Linguistics, University of Massachusetts at Amherst Kenneth Wexler, School of Social Sciences, University of California at Irvine Editorial Board:
Robert Berwick, Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, MIT, Cambridge, Mass. Manfred Bierwisch, Zentralinst. fUr SprachwissenschaJt, Akademie der WissenschaJten der DDR Merrill Garrett, MIT, Cambridge, Mass. Lila Gleitman, School of Education, University of Pennsylvania Mary-Louise Kean, University of California at Irvine Howard Lasnik, University of Connecticut at Storrs John Marshall, Neuropsychology Unit, Radcliffe Infirmary, Oxford Daniel Osherson, MIT, Cambridge, Mass. Yukio Otsu, Tokyo Gakugei University, Tokyo Edwin Williams, University of Massachusetts at Amherst
1986
NINA M. HYAMS Dept. of Linguistics, University of California, Los Angeles
LANGUAGE ACQUISITION AND THE THEORY OF PARAMETERS
D. REIDEL PUBLISHING COMPANY A MEMBER OF THE KLUWER
ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS GROUP
DORDRECHTjBOSTONjLANCASTERjTOKYO
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Hyams, Nina M., 1952Language acquisition and the theory of parameters. (Studies in theoretical psycholinguistics) Bibliography: p. Includes index. 1. Language acquisition. 2. Parameter estimation. 3. English language-Acquisition. 4. Italian-language-Acquisition. 5. English language-Grammar, Comparative-Italian 6. Italian language-Grammar, Comparative-English. I. Title. II. Series. 401'.9 86-17883 P1l8.H39 1986 ISBN-13: 978-90-277-2219-5
e-ISBN-13: 978-94-009-4638-5
DOT: 10.1007/978-94-009-4638-5
Published by D. Reidel Publishing Company P .O. Box 17, 3300 AA Dordrecht, Holland Sold and distributed in the U.S.A. and Canada by Kluwer Academic Publishers, 101 Philip Drive, Assinippi Park, Norwell, MA 02061, U.S.A. In all other countries, sold and distributed by Kluwer Academic Publishers Group, P.O. Box 322, 3300 AH Dordrecht, Holland
All Rights Reserved © 1986 by D. Reidel Publishing Company, Dordrecht, Holland Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1986 No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner
For Caryn Stok Carpenter mmemory
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ix
PREFACE
xiii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS CHAPTER 1. LINGUISTIC THEORY AND SYNTACTIC DEVELOPMENT
1. Introduction 2. A Parameterized Theory of UG 3. An Overview 3.1 A Note on Methodology 4. The Theory of Grammar Notes CHAPTER 2. THE NULL SUBJECT PHENOMENON
1. Introduction 2. The Structure of INFL 2.1 Rule R 3. Null Subjects and the Identity of AG 3.1 The Properties of PRO 3.1.1 Control of AG/PRO 3.1.2 Arbitrary Reference of AG/PRO 3.1.3 The Auxiliary Systems of Italian and English 4. Summary Notes CHAPTER 3. THE AG/PRO PARAMETER IN EARLY GRAMMARS
1. Introduction 2. Null Subjects in Early Language 2.1 The Avoid Pronoun Principle 3. The Early Gr
