Language and Identity National, Ethnic, Religious

Offering a uniquely broad-based overview of the role of language choice in the construction of national, ethnic and religious identity, this textbook examines a wide range of specific cases from various parts of the world in order to arrive at some genera

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John E. Joseph

Language and Identity

Previous publications by this author: ELOQUENCE AND POWER: The Rise of Language Standards and Standard Languages (1987) LIMITING THE ARBITRARY: Linguistic Naturalism and its Opposites in Plato’s Cratylus and Modern Theories of Language (2000) LANDMARKS IN LINGUISTIC THOUGHT II: The Western Tradition in the Twentieth Century (with Nigel Love and Talbot J. Taylor, 2001). FROM WHITNEY TO CHOMSKY: Essays in the History of American Linguistics (2002)

Language and Identity National, Ethnic, Religious John E. Joseph

© John E. Joseph 2004

Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2004 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 4LP. Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The author has asserted his right to be identified as the author of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published 2004 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS and 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010 Companies and representatives throughout the world PALGRAVE MACMILLAN is the global academic imprint of the palgrave Macmillan division of St Martin’s Press, LLC and of Palgrave Macmillan Ltd. Macmillan® is a registered trademark in the United States, United Kingdom and other countries. Palgrave is a registered trademark in the European Union and other countries.

ISBN 978-0-333-99753-6 ISBN 978-0-230-50342-7 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/978-0-230-50342-7 This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Joseph, John Earl. Language and identity : national, ethnic, religious / John E. Joseph. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0–333–99752–2 (cloth) — ISBN 978-0–333–99753–0 (pbk . ) 1. Language and languages. 2. Identity (Psychology) 3. Sociolinguistics. 4. Nationalism. I. Title. P107.J67 2004 400—dc22 2004043621 10 13

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In memory of my beloved grandparents and godparents Tanus ibn Yusuf Abu Butrus Hubayqat / Anthony Joseph 4 Nov. 1883–20 Sept. 1963 Suraya Qamar / Sarah Amar Joseph 1 Nov. 1898–25 Apr. 1987

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Contents

Preface

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Introduction The identity of identity What language has to do with it Fundamental types of identity Construction and multiplicity Other terms used in current research Identity as a linguistic phenomenon

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Lingu