Language, Gender, and Community in Late Twentieth-Century Fiction Am

Drawing on critical frameworks, this study establishes the centrality of language, gender, and community in the quest for identity in contemporary American fiction. Close readings of novels by Alice Walker, Ernest Gaines, Ann Beattie, John Updike, Chang-r

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ans, Environment, and Identity on the Borders of American Literature: From Faulkner and Morrison to Walker and Silko By Lindsey Claire Smith The American Landscape in the Poetry of Frost, Bishop, and Ashbery: The House Abandoned By Marit J. MacArthur Narrating Class in American Fiction By William Dow The Culture of Soft Work: Labor, Gender, and Race in Postmodern American Narrative By Heather J. Hicks Cormac McCarthy: American Canticles By Kenneth Lincoln Elizabeth Spencer’s Complicated Cartographies: Reimagining Home, the South, and Southern Literary Production By Catherine Seltzer New Critical Essays on Kurt Vonnegut Edited by David Simmons Feminist Readings of Edith Wharton: From Silence to Speech By Dianne L. Chambers The Emergence of the American Frontier Hero 1682–1826: Gender, Action, and Emotion By Denise Mary MacNeil Norman Mailer’s Later Fictions: Ancient Evenings through Castle in the Forest Edited by John Whalen-Bridge Fetishism and its Discontents in Post-1960 American Fiction By Christopher Kocela Language, Gender, and Community in Late Twentieth-Century Fiction: American Voices and American Identities By Mary Jane Hurst

Language, Gender, and Community in Late Twentieth-Century Fiction American Voices and American Identities

Mary Jane Hurst

LANGUAGE, GENDER, AND COMMUNITY IN LATE TWENTIETH-CENTURY FICTION

Copyright © Mary Jane Hurst, 2011 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2011 978-0-230-11045-8 All rights reserved. First published in 2011 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN® in the United States—a division of St. Martin’s Press LLC, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010. Where this book is distributed in the UK, Europe and the rest of the world, this is by Palgrave Macmillan, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies and has companies and representatives throughout the world. Palgrave® and Macmillan® are registered trademarks in the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries. ISBN 978-1-349-29289-9

ISBN 978-0-230-11826-3 (eBook)

DOI 10.1057/9780230118263 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Hurst, Mary Jane, 1952– Language, gender, and community in late twentieth-century fiction : American voices and American identities / Mary Jane Hurst. p. cm.—(American literature readings in the 21st century) Includes bibliographical references. 1. American fiction—20th century—History and criticism. 2. Communities in literature. 3. Language and languages in literature. 4. Gender identity in literature. 5. National characteristics, American in literature. 6. Multiculturalism in literature. I. Title. PS374.C586H87 2011 813⬘.709355—dc22

2010035923

A catalogue record of the book is available from the British Library. Design by Newgen Imaging Systems (P) Ltd., Chennai, India. First edition: March 2011

For Dan, Katherine, and Chris

C on t en t s

Preface

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Acknowledgments

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Introduction

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Finding On