Large Chestnut Trees ( Castanea sativa ) Respond Poorly to Liming and Fertilizer Application
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Large Chestnut Trees (Castanea sativa) Respond Poorly to Liming and Fertilizer Application M. Ângelo Rodrigues 1
&
Soraia Raimundo 1 & Abel Pereira 2 & Margarida Arrobas 1
Received: 12 November 2019 / Accepted: 25 February 2020 # Sociedad Chilena de la Ciencia del Suelo 2020
Abstract Establishing a fertilization plan for large trees is particularly difficult due to the high soil volume that the roots exploit and the buffer effect of the perennial woody structure on the concentration of nutrients in the leaves. This work evaluates the response of chestnut, a very large tree, to different fertilizer solutions. The study was conducted in two chestnut orchards planted in acid soils that were subjected to the application of lime plus phosphorus (Lime+P), lime plus a compound NPK fertilizer (Lime+NPK), and an unfertilized control (Control). The effects of the treatments on soil properties, nutritional status and photosynthetic performance of the trees, and nut production, were assessed from field and laboratory analyses. Liming significantly increased soil pH and exchangeable calcium (Ca). Treatments did not significantly influence leaf P and K levels, although leaf N concentrations were significantly higher in the Lime+NPK treatment on two of the three sampling dates. In one of the trials, the average accumulated nut yield was higher in the Lime+NPK (71.7 kg tree−1) treatment compared with the control (59.6 kg tree−1) and the Lime+P (51.7 kg tree−1) treatments, although without significant differences at P < 0.05. Overall, the results show the chestnut tree to be a species tolerant of soil acidity. The results also show that the buffer capacity of the plant in regulating the nutrient concentration in the leaves seems to be higher for P than for N, and therefore, concentrations of N in the leaves require the regular application of the nutrient as a fertilizer. Keywords Soil acidity . Plant nutritional status . NDVI . SPAD readings . Chlorophyll fluorescence . Nut yield
1 Introduction Sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) is a tree species with a long history in the Iberian Peninsula, one of the places in which it found refuge in the last glacial period (Krebs et al. 2019). It has been widely cultivated in this region since the Roman colonization of Hispania, having assumed in several periods a crucial role in the survival of the populations in the mountainous regions, especially before the arrival of the potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) (Abreu 2007). It has long been an important agroforestry species, used for timber, firewood, and nut production for both human and * M. Ângelo Rodrigues [email protected] 1
Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Sta Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
2
ARBOREA – Associação Agro-Florestal e Ambiental da Terra Fria Transmontana, Rua Dr. Álvaro Leite, no. 3, 5320-332 Vinhais, Portugal
animal consumption (pigs in particular). Although in recent years the consumption of firewood and the price of chestnut wood have decrease
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