Large-Eddy Simulation of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer
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Large-Eddy Simulation of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer Rob Stoll1
· Jeremy A. Gibbs2 · Scott T. Salesky3 · William Anderson4 · Marc Calaf1
Received: 24 March 2020 / Accepted: 21 July 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Over the last 50 years the large-eddy simulation (LES) technique has developed into one of the most prominent numerical tools used to study transport processes in the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL). This review examines development of the technique as a tool for ABL research, integration with state-of-the-art scientific computing resources, and some key application areas. Analysis of the published literature indicates that LES research across a broad range of applications accelerated starting around 1990. From that point in time, robust research using LES developed in several different application areas and based on a review of the papers published in this journal, we identify seven major areas of intensive ABL–LES research: convective boundary layers, stable boundary layers, transitional boundary layers, plant canopy flows, urban meteorology and dispersion, surface heterogeneity, and the testing and development of subgrid-scale (SGS) models. We begin with a general overview of LES and then proceed to examine the SGS models developed for use in ABL–LES. After this overview of the technique itself, we review the specific model developments tailored to the identified application areas and the scientific advancements realized using the LES technique in each area. We conclude by examining the computational trends in published ABL–LES research and identify some resource underutilization. Future directions and research needs are identified from a synthesis of the reviewed literature.
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Rob Stoll [email protected] Jeremy A. Gibbs [email protected] Scott T. Salesky [email protected] William Anderson [email protected] Marc Calaf [email protected]
1
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
2
NOAA/OAR National Severe Storms Laboratory, Norman, OK, USA
3
School of Meteorology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73072, USA
4
Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
123
R. Stoll et al.
Keywords Convective boundary layer · Large-eddy simulation · Plant canopy · Stable boundary layer · Subgrid-scale model · Urban canopy layer
1 Introduction A central component of atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) research is the study of turbulent fluxes of mass, momentum, heat, and pollutants (Garratt 1992). These fluxes govern land– atmosphere interactions critical to a wide variety of applications including weather and climate prediction (Teixeira et al. 2008; Holtslag et al. 2013), agricultural water use and productivity (Brutsaert 1982), the dispersion of pollen and spores in natural and agricultural systems (Mahaffee and Stoll 2016), urban air quality and energy use (Pardyjak and Stoll 2017), and many others. Because of their role in a wide range of environmental processes, researchers have dev
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