Laser Ablation: Physical Concepts and Applications (Review)
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AND MASS TRANSFER AND PHYSICAL GASDYNAMICS
Laser Ablation: Physical Concepts and Applications (Review) N. A. Inogamova, b, *, Yu. V. Petrova, c, V. A. Khokhlova, and V. V. Zhakhovskiib, d a
Landau Institute for Theoretical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Moscow oblast,142432 Russia b Dukhov Automatics Research Institute (VNIIA), Moscow, 127055 Russia c Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudnyi, Moscow oblast, 141701 Russia d Joint Institute for High Temperatures, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 125412 Russia *e-mail: [email protected] Received March 16, 2020; revised March 26, 2020; accepted March 30, 2020
Abstract—Laser ablation (i.e., the removal of target material upon irradiation) is under consideration; it is widely applied in some technologies. Physical models needed for an understanding of ablation have been developed since the invention of the first lasers. Some phenomena have been thoroughly investigated; however, there are still many problems that should be analyzed additionally. These poorly studied phenomena include surface structuring. The problems concerning ablation in liquid and laser forging/peening are not yet completely understood. They represent two sides of the same process: in the first case, the emphasis is on the description of motion of the substance beyond the target, whereas, in the case of laser forging, one abstracts from the plume and considers the elastoplastic transformations caused by a shock wave inside a target. The hydrodynamics of these processes differs radically with the transition from ultrashort to long pulses. DOI: 10.1134/S0018151X20040045
CONTENTS Introduction 1. Object of study and specific features of femtosecond irradiation 2. Classification of regimes: pulse duration value 3. Classification of regimes: confinement value 4. Ablation in liquid: influence of the irradiation duration 5. Ablation in liquid upon nanosecond irradiation Conclusions References INTRODUCTION Three modern fields of the applications of laser systems are considered. The first is surface structuring, which changes the shape of an initially smooth surface of a target [1–16]. The morphology of the changes is diverse. The variety of geometric shapes is controlled with the laser-pulse parameters and the number of repetitions of pulses on a fixed point [1, 8, 17]. This technique is used to form metasurfaces, i.e., surfaces with artificially changed characteristics. The optical [2, 5, 13, 15, 18–21] and tribological characteristics and wettability are variable. Such surfaces cause sharp amplification of the Raman scattering [18, 19] and fluorescence [18, 19] of tested liquids deposited on the surface. This effect is used in highly sensitive sensors [18–21].
The second field is related to the formation of colloids during laser ablation in liquid (LAL) [19–38]. A colloid is a solution of nanoparticles. Nanoparticles are so small that they are able not to precipitate for years due to the viscous Stokes friction and Brownian motion. During the ablation of a ta
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