Laser Correlation Spectrometer for Assessing the Size and Dynamics of Changes in the Size of Structures in Biological Fl
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Laser Correlation Spectrometer for Assessing the Size and Dynamics of Changes in the Size of Structures in Biological Fluids E. N. Velichkoa, E. K. Nepomnyashchayaa, *, A. V. Sokolovb, and T. Yu. Kudryashovaa a Peter
b
the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, 195251 Russia State Research Center of the Russian Federation Concern CSRI Elektropribor, JSC, St. Petersburg, 197046 Russia *e-mail: [email protected] Received December 10, 2019; revised February 3, 2020; accepted February 28, 2020
Abstract—To estimate the size of nanostructures in biological fluids and study the dynamics of their change, a modified method of laser correlation spectroscopy is proposed. The scheme of the hardware-software complex and the algorithm of the method are described, which allows one to achieve high accuracy in determining the size of nanoparticles, as well as to study the process of changing the size of nanoparticles in dynamics. The proposed hardware-software complex made it possible to study the dynamics of the formation of aggregates in human serum in the process of immune response. The results obtained indicate the presence of processes of rapid protein aggregation as a result of activation of the immune response. In addition, the size of the aggregates formed depends on the state of the immune system and the presence of diseases. Keywords: laser correlation spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, particle sizes, nanoparticles, biological fluid, molecular aggregation DOI: 10.1134/S0030400X20070255
INTRODUCTION Currently, the main diagnostic data on the state of the human body are obtained using blood tests and other biological fluids [1]. At the same time, it is important not only to determine the total concentrations of substances in the blood, but also to analyze the functionality of certain biological systems, including molecular complexes. Direct methods for such an analysis have not been introduced in modern diagnostic medicine. In this paper, the use of particle size in blood serum is proposed as a diagnostic parameter for determining the functionality of molecular complexes. It is known that various types of structures in the blood differ not only in biochemical properties, but also in size [2]. Moreover, a number of processes occurring in the human body are accompanied by aggregation of molecular structures and, accordingly, a change in their size [3, 4]. Thus, by analyzing the size of structures in a liquid, one can determine its composition and analyze the dynamics of the biological processes occurring in it. Existing methods for determining the size of structures have a number of disadvantages that limit their use in medical diagnostics. Table 1 provides a brief overview of existing methods for assessing the size of nanoparticles.
As already noted, the ability to assess the change in the size of structures in biological fluids over time is important. It is seen from the Table, that most of the existing methods do not allow the study of particles with sizes less than 100 nm in dyna
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