Laser powder bed fusion of WC-reinforced Hastelloy-X composite: microstructure and mechanical properties
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Laser powder bed fusion of WC-reinforced Hastelloy-X composite: microstructure and mechanical properties Quanquan Han1,2,*, Yuchen Gu3, Heng Gu4, Yingyue Yin1,2, Jun Song5, Zhenhua Zhang1,2, and Shwe Soe6 1
Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture of Ministry of Education, Center for Additive Manufacturing, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China 2 Key National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China 3 College of Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea SA1 8EN, UK 4 Cardiff School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UK 5 College of Mechanical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China 6 Department of Engineering Design and Mathematics, University of the West of England, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK
Received: 14 June 2020
ABSTRACT
Accepted: 3 September 2020
Nickel-based superalloys such as Hastelloy X (HX) are widely used in gas turbine engines for their exceptional oxidation resistance and high-temperature strength. The addition of ceramic reinforcement further enhances these superalloys’ mechanical performance and high-temperature properties. For this reason, this paper investigates the microstructure and mechanical property of laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) additively manufactured HX–1 wt% WC (tungsten carbide) composite specimens. The results demonstrate that the LPBF-fabricated composite was observed to have several pores and microcracks, whilst only pores were detected in the as-fabricated pure HX. Compared to the fabricated pure HX, the tensile yield strength of such HX composite parts was increased by 13% without undue sacrifices to ductility, suggesting that the very limited number of microcracks were not sufficient to degrade the mechanical performance. The significantly increased dislocations were considered to be the primary contributor for the mechanical performance enhancement in the LPBFfabricated composite material. The findings offer a promising pathway to employ LPBF process to fabricate advanced microcrack-free composites with high-strength through a careful selection of ceramic reinforcement materials.
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Springer Science+Business
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Handling Editor: Sophie Primig.
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https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-020-05327-6
J Mater Sci
Introduction Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) is an additive manufacturing (AM) process in which metallic powder is selectively melted layer by layer using a high-power laser source [1, 2]. Nickel-based superalloys are widely used in gas turbine engine components due to these materials’ unique combination of oxidation resistance, formability and mechanical properties in the temperature range of 540–1000 °C [3, 4]. The benefits of using Hastelloy-X (HX) alloy over other nickel-based superalloys include superior high-temperature strength, better oxidation resistance and stress-corrosion cracking resistance. For instance, compared
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