Lateral Coronal Bowing of Femur and/or Tibia Amplifies the Varus Malalignment of Lower Limb as well as Increases Functio
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Lateral Coronal Bowing of Femur and/or Tibia Amplifies the Varus Malalignment of Lower Limb as well as Increases Functional Disability in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis Mayur Nayak1 · Vijay Kumar1 · Rahul Yadav1 · Deep Narayan Srivastava2 · Hemant Pandit3 · Rajesh Malhotra1 Received: 19 August 2020 / Accepted: 24 October 2020 © Indian Orthopaedics Association 2020
Abstract Purpose In the present study, we aimed at assessing the effect of femoral and tibial coronal bowing on varus malalignment and Oxford knee score (OKS) at different grades of knee osteoarthritis (OA). Materials and Methods This prospective observational study was conducted at a tertiary referral centre in New Delhi, India. Consecutive patients presenting to the “knee OA” outpatient clinics were invited to take part in the study conducted over a 12-month period. All consented patients underwent long-leg standing alignment radiographs using standardised technique and patient reported knee pain and function were recorded using Oxford knee score. The following radiological parameters were measured from weight-bearing long-leg radiographs of 824 varus aligned limbs via a morphometric software (Matlab R2009a) (1) hip–knee–ankle angle (HKAA), (2) femoral bowing, (3) tibial bowing. The knees were graded according to Kellegren and Lawrence grade (K&L) and OKS was recorded. 3 groups of HKAA were made based on the angle, A (0° to − 3°), B (− 3° to − 10°) and C (
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