Leading Diverse Schools

This book explores the challenges that school administrators face in ethnically diverse contexts. Based on an empirical study, it shows how principals do or do not promote inclusive practices in their schools. The various chapters cover principal percepti

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STUDIES IN EDUCATIONAL LEADERSHIP VOLUME 2 Series Editor Kenneth Leithwood, OISE, University of Toronto, Canada Editorial Board Christopher Day, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom Stephen Jacobson, Graduate School of Education, Buffalo, U.S.A. Bill Mulford, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia Peter Sleegers, University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands

SCOPE OF THE SERIES Leadership we know makes all the difference in success or failures of organizations. This series will bring together in a highly readable way the most recent insights in successful leadership. Emphasis will be placed on research focused on pre-collegiate educational organizations. Volumes should address issues related to leadership at all levels of the educational system and be written in a style accessible to scholars, educational practitioners and policy makers throughout the world. The volumes – monographs and edited volumes – should represent work from different parts in the world.

The titles published in this series are listed at the end of this volume.

LEADING DIVERSE SCHOOLS

by

JAMES RYAN The Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada

KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS NEW YORK, BOSTON, DORDRECHT, LONDON, MOSCOW

eBook ISBN: Print ISBN:

0-306-48084-0 1-4020-1243-8

©2003 Kluwer Academic Publishers New York, Boston, Dordrecht, London, Moscow Print ©2003 Kluwer Academic Publishers Dordrecht All rights reserved No part of this eBook may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, recording, or otherwise, without written consent from the Publisher Created in the United States of America Visit Kluwer Online at: and Kluwer's eBookstore at:

http://kluweronline.com http://ebooks.kluweronline.com

FOR KATHERINE AND KELLY

TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements

ix

1 DIVERSITY, EDUCATIONAL LEADERSHIP AND INCLUSION Monday Morning, 6:10 a.m. Being an Administrator in a Diverse School Diversity The Pressures of Diversity Heuristics Conclusion

1 1 7 9 12 14 22

2 EDUCATIONAL APPROACHES TO DIVERSITY AND INCLUSION A Brief History of Human Diversity Conservative Approaches to Educational Diversity Liberal/Pluralist Approaches to Difference Critical Approaches to Difference Contemporary Challenges Diversity and Inclusion

23 23 25 27 31 35 40

3 LEADERSHIP AND INCLUSION: A REVIEW The Lure of Leadership The Meaning of Leadership Managerial/Technical Leadership Humanistic Leadership Transformational Leadership Emancipatory Leadership Inclusive Leadership

43 43 44 45 48 52 55 58

4 ADMINISTRATOR PERCEPTIONS OF “RACE” AND RACISM The Challenge of “Race” and Racism Racism, Education and Administrators The Presence of Racism Administrator Perceptions of Racism Conclusion

61 61 62 63 65 73

5 ANTIRACISM: STRATEGIES FOR COMBATING RACISM Prevention Reactive Measures Antiracism and Inclusion

75 75 85 89

vii

viii

CONTENTS

6 PROMOTING INCLUSIVE SCHOOL-COMMUNITY RELATIONSHIPS Inclusion and School-Community Relationships Enablement Strategies Empowerment Strategies Inclusive Com