Legislation on the Roles of the Pharmacist and Pharmacy in the Revision of the Pharmaceutical and Medical Device Act and
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Legislation on the Roles of the Pharmacist and Pharmacy in the Revision of the Pharmaceutical and Medical Device Act and the Pharmacists Act in Japan Kento Takamura1 · Keisuke Tachibana1 · Tetsunari Kihira2 · Kiyohito Nakai3 · Yasuo Tsutsumi1 · Masuo Kondoh1 Received: 5 June 2020 / Accepted: 28 August 2020 © The Drug Information Association, Inc 2020
Abstract Japan’s rapidly aging population has prompted a change in the country’s pharmaceutical care framework from a drug-oriented to a patient-oriented approach. Pharmacies and pharmacists are expected to play central roles in this new patient-oriented approach by reconciling medication and managing polypharmacy, conducting home visits, and providing care to patients in collaboration with local clinics and hospitals. These additional roles are expected to lead to a reduction in the prevalence of adverse effects and improve the quality of life of patients in Japan’s aging society. To promote patient-oriented care by pharmacists, these additional roles were legislated in a revision of the Japanese Pharmaceutical and Medical Device Act and other related Act in December 2019. Here, we overview how the revisions affect pharmacies, pharmacists, medical institutions, and outpatients. Keywords Pharmacy · Pharmacist · Aging society · Pharmaceutical care · Integrated community care system Abbreviations MHLW Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare YPRP Your Pharmacist Reimbursed Program JPY Japanese yen
Introduction The Japanese population is currently undergoing a marked period of change in which it is both aging and decreasing in size [1, 2]. Pharmacies and pharmacists are expected to make major contributions to the provision of health care to Japan’s aging population. In 2015, the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan (MHLW) published Pharmacy Vision for Patients, in which it proposed that pharmacies and * Masuo Kondoh [email protected]‑u.ac.jp 1
Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka 565‑0871, Japan
2
Office of Vaccines and Blood Products, Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency, Tokyo 100‑0013, Japan
3
Pharmaceutical Safety and Environmental Health Bureau, Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Tokyo 100‑8916, Japan
pharmacists should shift from a drug-oriented to a patientoriented approach [3]. That is, to maximize the efficacy and safety of pharmaceutical treatments, pharmacy-based pharmacists should comprehensively, continuously, and centrally manage the pharmaceutical care of their patients by monitoring patients’ medication history and working to ensure the efficacy and safety of prescribed medications. The MHLW also proposed that pharmacies should seek to provide additional health care services by employing pharmacists who have up-to-date knowledge in areas such as diet, exercise, and lifestyle, and that such pharmacies be allowed to refer to themselves as “health-supporting pharmacies” [3] (Table 1). In 2016, to provide economic incentives for pharmacies and encourage them to participate in the pla
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