Lessons for Better Pain Management in the Future: Learning from the Past
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REVIEW
Lessons for Better Pain Management in the Future: Learning from the Past Laxmaiah Manchikanti . Vanila Singh . Alan D. Kaye . Joshua A. Hirsch
Received: March 6, 2020 Ó The Author(s) 2020
ABSTRACT The treatment of noncancer pain in the United States and globally is met with significant challenges, resulting in profound physical, emotional, and societal costs. Based on this need, numerous modalities have been proposed to manage chronic pain, including opioid and nonopioid interventions as well as surgical approaches. Thus, the future of pain management continues to be mired in evolving concepts and constant debates. Consequently, it is crucial to understand the past as we move towards the future. The evolution of lessons for better pain management at present and for the future starting from the 1990s to the present date are reviewed and emphasized with a focus
on learning from the past for the future. This review summarizes the evolution of multiple modalities of treatments, including multidisciplinary programs, multimodal therapy, interventional techniques, opioid therapy, other conservative modalities, and surgical interventions. This review emphasizes the individual, patient-centered development of an effective pain treatment plan after proper evaluation to establish a diagnosis. It includes measurable outcomes that focus on improvements in the quality of life and activities of daily living, as well as improvement in pain and function and, most importantly, return to productive citizenship. It is crucial that the knowledge of best practices be advanced, along with emphasis on lessons learned in the past to provide best practices for better pain management.
Digital Features To view digital features for this article go to https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.12155850. L. Manchikanti Pain Management Centers of America, Paducah, KY, USA
A. D. Kaye Department of Anesthesiology, LSU School of Medicine, Shreveport, LA, USA
L. Manchikanti (&) University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA e-mail: [email protected]
A. D. Kaye Department of Anesthesiology, Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
L. Manchikanti A. D. Kaye Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
J. A. Hirsch Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
V. Singh Department of Anesthesia, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
J. A. Hirsch Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
Pain Ther
Keywords: Better pain management; Best practices; Evidence-based medicine; Interventional techniques; Opioid epidemic Key Summary Points Why carry out this study? Treatment of non-cancer pain in the United States and globally continues to face significant challenges, resulting in emotional and societal costs. The future of pain management continues to be debated on a daily basis. Those involved in pain management, including patients, officials, and physicians, are focusing on advances. However, these advances, and the future evolution
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