Let Them Eat Shrimp The Tragic Disappearance of the Rainforests of t

What’s the connection between a platter of jumbo shrimp at your local restaurant and murdered fishermen in Honduras, impoverished women in Ecuador, and disastrous hurricanes along America’s Gulf coast? Mangroves. Many people have never heard of these salt

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Let Them Eat Shrimp The Tragic Disappearance of the Rainforests of the Sea

Kennedy Warne

/ Shearwater Books Washington | Covelo | London

A Shearwater Book Published by Island Press Copyright © 2011 Kennedy Warne All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any means without permission in writing from the publisher: Island Press, 1718 Connecticut Ave. NW, Suite 300, Washington, DC 20009. SHEARWATER BOOKS is a trademark of The Center for Resource Economics. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Warne, K. P. Let them eat shrimp : the tragic disappearance of the rainforests of the sea / Kennedy Warne. p. cm. “A Shearwater Book.” Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13: 978-1-59726-683-3 (cloth : alk. paper) ISBN-10: 1-59726-683-3 (cloth : alk. paper) 1. Mangrove forests. 2. Mangrove ecology. 3. Deforestation. 4. Mangrove restoration. I. Title. QK938.M27.L47 2011 578.769'8--dc22 2010043183 British Cataloguing-in-Publication data available. Printed on recycled, acid-free paper Manufactured in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

Keywords: Mangroves, shrimp farming, aquaculture, wetlands, coastal development, storm barrier, marine ecosystem, environmental justice, Sundarbans, Tambillo, conchera.

The margins, on which the poorest and most mobile had managed to subsist, by taking advantage of the tolerance, negligence, forgotten rules or unquestioned facts, disappear. —Michel Foucault, La Societé Punitive

When I would recreate myself, I seek the darkest wood, the thickest and most interminable and, to the citizen, most dismal swamp. I enter a swamp as a sacred place,—a sanctum sanctorum. There is the strength, the marrow of Nature. —Henry David Thoreau, Walking

My heart belongs in the marshlands. —Pat Conroy, The Prince of Tides

Contents Preface Introduction

xi xiv

Chapter 1

Tigers in the Aisles

Chapter 2

Paradise Lost

17

Chapter 3

Pink Gold and a Blue Revolution

29

Chapter 4

The Old Man and the Mud Crab

38

Chapter 5

The Cockle Gatherers of Tambillo

44

Chapter 6

A Just Fight

55

Chapter 7

Bimini Twist

66

Chapter 8

Candy and the Magic Forest

79

Chapter 9

The Carbon Sleuth

94

Chapter 10

Paradise Regained

107

Chapter 11

The Road to Manzanar

121

Chapter 12

Under the Mango Tree

127

Chapter 13

A City and Its Mangroves

137

Chapter 14

A Mangrove’s Worth

149

Author’s Note

157

Further Reading

161

Index

163

3

Preface

T

he crab collector squeezes through a tangled palisade of mangrove roots, lies on his belly, and stretches his arm fulllength into the sloppy mud. With a grunt of satisfaction he draws out a mud crab that is broader than the span of his hand. Thumb-sized claws wave aggressively as he pushes the crab into a mesh bag that is already bulging with others. He works his way along the shoreline, navigating the maze of roots that arch down from the mangrove trunks like umbrella ribs. He feels at home in these muddy thickets. This is hi