LGBT Psychology Research Perspectives and People of African Descent

One of the major goals of psychology in recent years has been increased inclusiveness. The rise of research on lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender individuals has been a significant step in this direction, but the focus has tended to assume the univer

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Michele K. Lewis • Isiah Marshall

LGBT Psychology Research Perspectives and People of African Descent

Michele K. Lewis, PhD Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Work Winston-Salem State University Winston-Salem, NC 27110, USA [email protected]

Isiah Marshall, PhD Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Work Winston-Salem State University Winston-Salem, NC 27110, USA [email protected]

ISBN 978-1-4614-0564-1 e-ISBN 978-1-4614-0565-8 DOI 10.1007/978-1-4614-0565-8 Springer New York Dordrecht Heidelberg London Library of Congress Control Number: 2011936387 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2012, Corrected at 2nd printing 2012 All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)

This text is dedicated to all sung and unsung same-gender loving, gender transgressive, and gender variant people of African descent, dead or alive across the globe. May 1 day, full and accurate accounts of your lives be known and appreciated by the masses.

Preface

Who would have anticipated that 1 day, Black mainstream media would openly address gender non-conforming young Black biological males at one of the United States’ prominent historically Black colleges, Morehouse College? What is not surprising, however, is the internet buzz and conversations that ensued about Black biological male students wearing makeup and openly carrying purses on the campus. Likewise, the international attention paid to same-gender loving issues in the African nations of Uganda and Malawi has been widespread. This text addresses these and other events, behaviors, and attitudes pertaining to same sex attraction and gender variance among people of African descent. The analysis presented here is of same sex attraction and transgender related issues among people of African descent within Black cultural contexts and through the histories of Black people. LGBT Psychology: Research Perspectives and People of African Descent is the first psychologically based text to focus specifically on people of African descent who are non-heteronormative, and who do not fit binary gender classifications. However, in so doing, I reference interdisciplinary academic sources, popular culture, and news media sources. In the first chapter, I acknowledge that the acronym LGBT is not a universal term, and may