LightBC: A Lightweight Hash-Based Blockchain for the Secured Internet of Things
Blockchain technology is one of the key technologies that have the potential to solve many of the Internet of Things (IoT) challenges. The IoT environment consists of numerous resource-constrained devices. The security and privacy of these devices have be
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Abstract Blockchain technology is one of the key technologies that have the potential to solve many of the Internet of Things (IoT) challenges. The IoT environment consists of numerous resource-constrained devices. The security and privacy of these devices have become primary concerns among consumers and businesses. Although, Blockchain could provide better security and privacy to these devices, their limited memory, battery life, and processing capabilities make Blockchain-IoT integration very challenging. Current implementations of Blockchain use cryptographic schemes like SHA-256 and ECDSA. However, the resource-constrained nature of IoT devices demands lightweight versions of the Blockchain for IoT. In this work, a lightweight hash-based Blockchain (LightBC) is proposed for the IoT, which adapts the SPONGENT hash function. It has been emulated and compared with SHA-256 based Blockchain on a Blockchain emulator and satisfactory results were found for upto 8000 nodes. The IoT architecture has also been proposed for implementing the same. Keywords Blockchain · Lightweight hash functions · Security · Internet of Things
1 Introduction Blockchain technology has become the latest buzz among researchers and academics. Blockchain’s promise of true decentralization has made it an attractive solution to various fields. One such area is the IoT, which currently suffers from many drawbacks. The lack of security, privacy, etc., in the IoT has hindered its growth. Although Blockchain has the potential to disrupt many technological fields, it suffers from many drawbacks itself. The Blockchain field is an ever-growing area in which researchers F. H. Pohrmen (B) · G. Saha North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya 793022, India e-mail: [email protected] G. Saha e-mail: [email protected] © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021 D. Gupta et al. (eds.), International Conference on Innovative Computing and Communications, Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing 1165, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-5113-0_68
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are trying to improve core Blockchain technology itself. One of the many drawbacks of Blockchain is its mining process, where miners race to calculate the nonce in order to win rights for block formation. For an environment like IoT, where the main players are resource-constrained devices, such a mining process could drain the devices’ processing capabilities as well as their energy [1]. Blockchain technology is a decentralized network, in which the transactions are stored and constantly updated in a ledger, which is shared by all the nodes of the network [2]. Blockchain technology consists of various technologies that are crucial for its operation. These include public key cryptography, cryptographic hash functions, consensus protocols, Merkle trees, and a peer-to-peer (P2P) network. The first practical implementation of Blockchain technology is the Bitcoin cryptocurrency. Bitcoin uses the proof-of-work (PoW) consensus protocol and the SHA-256 hash function in or
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