Lightening gravity-mediated dark matter
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Regular Article - Theoretical Physics
Lightening gravity-mediated dark matter Yoo-Jin Kang1,2,a , Hyun Min Lee1,2,b 1 2
Department of Physics, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea CERN, Theory Department, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
Received: 13 March 2020 / Accepted: 15 June 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract We revisit the scenario of a massive spin-2 particle as the mediator for communicating between dark matter of arbitrary spin and the Standard Model. Taking the general couplings of the spin-2 particle in the effective theory, we discuss the thermal production mechanisms for dark matter with various channels and the dark matter self-scattering. For WIMP and light dark matter cases, we impose the relic density condition and various experimental constraints from direct and indirect detections, precision measurements as well as collider experiments. We show that it is important to include the annihilation of dark matter into a pair of spin-2 particles in both allowed and forbidden regimes, thus opening up the consistent parameter space for dark matter. The benchmark models of the spin-2 mediator are presented in the context of the warped extra dimension and compared to the simplified models.
1 Introduction Dark matter (DM) is a complete mystery in particle physics and cosmology, although its presence can be unambiguously inferred from galaxy rotation curves, gravitational lensing, Cosmic Microwave Background as well as large-scale structures, etc. There are null results in searching dark matter beyond gravitational interactions from various direct and indirect detection experiments, thus, in particular, a lot of parameter space for Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) has been ruled out [1–3]. The nature of dark matter is still an open question. To this, it is very important to pin down the production mechanisms for dark matter in the early universe. For instance, WIMP dark matter relies on the freeze-out process under which the DM relic density is determined in terms of weak interaction and weak-scale DM mass. Thus, this has motia e-mail:
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b e-mail:
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vated specific target materials and technologies in the direct searches for WIMP for more than three decades. New production mechanisms such as for Feebly Interacting Massive Particles (FIMPs) [4], Strongly Interacting Massive Particles (SIMPs) [5–11] and forbidden dark matter [12,13], etc, can motivate different target materials and new technologies to get access to sub-GeV DM masses and/or feeble interactions. It is known that light dark matter with sub-GeV mass can have large self-interactions to solve potentially smallscale problems at galaxies [14–18] and it may also call for new dynamics in the dark sector [19–21] to get the DM selfinteractions velocity-dependent for galaxy clusters such as Bullet cluster [22–24]. Moreover, dark matter is known to be neutral under electromagnetism, so it is conceivable to communicate between dark matter and the Standard Mo
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