Lignocellulosic Sugarcane Tops for Bioethanol Production: An Overview
Better living standards, population growth, and expanding urbanization escalate the energy requirement tremendously. Declining stockpile of nonrenewable fossil fuels and its severe impact on environment have created huge consciousness among government, re
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Contents 1 Introduction 2 Steps Involved in Bioethanol Production 3 Different Pretreatment Techniques Employed on SCT 4 Dilute Acid Pretreatment 5 Alkaline Pretreatment 6 Ultrasound Pretreatment 7 Enzymatic Pretreatment 8 Alkaline Hydrogen Peroxide (AHP) Pretreatment 9 Hydrolysis Employed in SCT 10 Acid Hydrolysis 11 Enzymatic Hydrolysis 12 Fermentation Process 13 Conclusion References
Abstract Better living standards, population growth, and expanding urbanization escalate the energy requirement tremendously. Declining stockpile of nonrenewable fossil fuels and its severe impact on environment have created huge consciousness among government, researchers, and industries to develop alternative renewable energy sources. Bioethanol has been considered as one of the most efficient alternative liquid fuels to replace the existing conventional crude oil-based petrol. Among the different lignocellulosic biomass, agricultural residues especially sugarcane tops (SCT) are becoming a promising feedstock for bioethanol production. However, the presence of high amount of lignin possesses a major hurdle in converting this promising feedstock to bioethanol. Hence, this review paper summarizes the various pretreatment methods, hydrolysis, and fermentation techniques reported in the bioethanol production from underutilized SCT. From the overall
S. Niju (*) and M. Swathika Department of Biotechnology, PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] Manuel Jerold, Santhiagu Arockiasamy, and Velmurugan Sivasubramanian (eds.), Bioprocess Engineering for Bioremediation: Valorization and Management Techniques, Hdb Env Chem, DOI 10.1007/698_2020_621, © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
S. Niju and M. Swathika
studies, it was evident that the SCT can be used as a potential renewable feedstock for the production of fermentable sugars and bioethanol. Keywords Bioethanol, Fermentation, Hydrolysis, Pretreatment, Sugarcane tops
1 Introduction High population growth, industrialization, and urbanization increase the energy requirement tremendously. Nonrenewable energy sources such as coal, crude oil, nuclear power, propane, and natural gas were utilized to meet the ever-increasing energy demand, and these sources were found to be the major contributors of environmental pollution [1]. To overcome these issues, utilization of the most sustainable renewable resources offers an attractive solution to meet the world’s primary energy demand. Biofuels are fuels which are derived from renewable energy resources that provide energy security, strengthen the rural and agricultural economies, and emit no or less toxic gases. Bioethanol is one among the dominant global renewable transport biofuels since it can be produced from a wide range of agricultural residues. Bioethanol produced from sucrose-containing feedstocks (sugarcane, sugar beet, and sweet sorghum) and starch-rich feedstocks (corn, wheat, and cassava) are named as first-generation bioethanol [2]. However, it holds several limitation
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