Lipid profile: causal relationship on cognitive performance in multiple sclerosis?
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Lipid profile: causal relationship on cognitive performance in multiple sclerosis? Ana Laura Hernández‑Ledesma1 · Adriana Jheny Rodríguez‑Méndez1 · Lilia Susana Gallardo‑Vidal2 · Teresa García‑Gasca3 · Julia María Alatorre‑Cruz3 · Pablo García‑Solís4 · Julián López Reyes5 · Juan Carlos Solís‑Saínz4 Received: 11 March 2020 / Accepted: 16 November 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Although cognitive impairment (CI) is classically associated with aging, it has been proposed that neurological pathologies may increase the risk to suffer CI. Despite the evidence of an elevated prevalence of CI in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), it is not considered among standard clinical evaluations, due the lack of specialists and time required. The aim of this study was to evaluate if lipid profile is associated with cognitive performance in persons with MS. Twenty patients with MS were evaluated. Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) was employed to determine cognitive performance. CI was observed in 85% of patients, with memory recall and language as the most affected domains. Despite biomarkers were mostly found within reference values, several correlations were observed. MoCA total score was correlated with cholesterol (r = − 0.468, p = 0.037) and LDL (r = − 0.453, p = 0.045). Visuospatial domain was correlated with LDL (r = − 0.493, p = 0.027). Attention domain correlated with triglycerides (r = − 0.455, p = 0.044) and cholesterol (r = − 0.549, p = 0.012). When the person reaches borderline levels of triglycerides, LDL and cholesterol a decrease in cognitive performance can be observed. The mechanism underlying this association has not been established still, it has been proposed that it could be linked with neuroinflammation, alterations in synapses and in the metabolism of amyloid-β protein. This study settles the potential importance that lipid profile could have on cognitive performance in MS. Further studies are needed to establish optimal levels and implication of lipid profile in the diagnosis and monitoring of cognitive performance in Mexican people with MS. Keywords Multiple sclerosis · Cognitive impairment · Biomarker · Lipid profile
Introduction
* Adriana Jheny Rodríguez‑Méndez [email protected] 1
Laboratorio de Neuroinmunoendocrinología, Departamento de Investigación Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Clavel #200. Prados de la Capilla. CP 76170, Santiago de Querétaro, México
2
Unidad de Medicina Familiar No. 13, Instituto Mexicano de Seguro Social, Querétaro, México
3
Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Santiago de Querétaro, México
4
Departamento de Investigación Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Santiago de Querétaro, México
5
Facultad de Medicina, Clínica del Sistema Nervioso, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Santiago de Querétaro, México
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