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Liver Failure

Nikolaos Pyrsopoulos Editor

Liver Failure Acute and Acute on Chronic

Editor Nikolaos Pyrsopoulos Department of Medicine Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Rutgers University New Jersey Medical School Newark NJ USA

ISBN 978-3-030-50982-8    ISBN 978-3-030-50983-5 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50983-5 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland

Preface

Acute liver failure (ALF) and acute on chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a syndrome characterized by acute decompensation with potentially lethal complications. Acute liver failure represents a rather rare but highly fatal condition, while ACLF represents approximately 5% of all hospitalizations with a mortality rate of approximately 50% in the USA. With the advent of new antivirals in our therapeutic armamentarium, it has been noted that ACLF due to viral hepatitis has declined; perhaps, it has been traded for the upcoming entity—non-alcoholic steatohepatitis-induced end-stage liver disease—and the usual suspect—alcoholic liver disease or the combination of those two together. We are excited as a number of causes that induce liver disease can be controlled nowadays, viral in particular, but the way we treat late stages of ALF and ACLF still remains the same: liver transplantation. A number or trials utilizing new compounds or even noncellular and cellular assisted devices have been addressed, but the survival benefit has not been proven or it is equivocal. Liver Failure: Acute and Acute on Chronic provides a comprehensive multidisciplinary approach to epidemiologic aspects, pathophysiology of the diseases and syndromes in a state-of-the-art review of the lite