Load-Margin Assessments in MicroGrids and the Influence of Power Electronic Converter Operation Mode
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Load-Margin Assessments in MicroGrids and the Influence of Power Electronic Converter Operation Mode B. de Nadai Nascimento1
· A. C. Zambroni de Souza2 · J. A. da Silva Neto2 · J. E. Sarmiento2 · C. A. Alvez2
Received: 28 May 2020 / Revised: 5 August 2020 / Accepted: 24 September 2020 © Brazilian Society for Automatics--SBA 2020
Abstract This paper deals with static voltage stability assessments in the context of microgrids. It is well known that distributed systems have been changing their operation mode from passive to active due to a high level of distributed resource penetration. Hence, operating of the system in islanded mode could be considered on a routine or emergency basis, and the voltage stability analysis become vital in any planning or operation study in the distribution level of electrical power systems. In this way, this paper develops a novel formulation for voltage stability analysis in islanded systems, showing the differences with respect to traditional methodologies, mainly when they neglect the absence of a swing bus and the frequency of the system as a variable. Further, the present work compares the load margins of a distribution system when it works in both modes, in grid-connected mode and islanded mode, considering the operation strategies of the most usual Power Electronic Converters. The results are carried out in the IEEE-37 Node Test Feeder. Keywords Active distribution networks · Islanded operation · Microgrids · Load margin · Voltage stability ω, ωref
List of Symbols Pgk , Q gk Pspeck , Q speck Q mink , Q maxk Pmax
B
Active and reactive powers generated at bus k, respectively Active and reactive constant powers specified at bus k, respectively Upper and lower reactive power limits at bus k, respectively Maximum active power
nk , m k Vk , Vkref Vspeck VPCC
B. de Nadai Nascimento [email protected] A. C. Zambroni de Souza [email protected] J. A. da Silva Neto [email protected] J. E. Sarmiento [email protected] C. A. Alvez [email protected]
1
Electrical Engineering Department, Federal University of Technology – Paraná, Marcílio Dias Street, 635 - Jardim Paraiso, Apucarana, PR 86812-460, Brazil
2
Institute of Electrical and Energy Systems, Federal University of Itajubá, BPS Av. 1303, P.B. 50, Itajubá, MG 37500-903, Brazil
Vcriticmin , Vcriticmax V1 θ Y bus PL , Q L α, β, K pf , K qf P, Q, Q sys , Psys f,x
Frequency of the systems at the reference value of frequency, respectively Droop coefficients, active and reactive, respectively The voltage at bus k and its reference value, respectively Constant voltage specified at bus k The voltage at the Point of Common Coupling (PCC) Upper and lower voltage limits, respectively The voltage at the reference bus The angle of the voltages Admittance matrix Active and reactive loads, respectively Constants of voltage and frequency of load ranges Mismatches of loads in the buses and system, respectively Set of load flow equations and state variables, respectively
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Journal of Contro
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