Long non-coding RNA NEAT1-centric gene regulation
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Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences
REVIEW
Long non‑coding RNA NEAT1‑centric gene regulation Ziqiang Wang1,2 · Kun Li3 · Weiren Huang1,2 Received: 26 November 2019 / Revised: 2 March 2020 / Accepted: 9 March 2020 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract Nuclear paraspeckle assembly transcript 1 (NEAT1) is a long non-coding RNA that is widely expressed in a variety of mammalian cell types. An increasing number of studies have demonstrated that NEAT1 plays key roles in various biological and pathological processes; therefore, it is important to understand how its expression is regulated and how it regulates the expression of its target genes. Recently, we found that NEAT1 expression could be regulated by signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 and that altered NEAT1 expression epigenetically regulates downstream gene transcription during herpes simplex virus-1 infection and Alzheimer’s disease, suggesting that NEAT1 acts as an important sensor and effector during stress and disease development. In this review, we summarize and discuss the molecules and regulatory patterns that control NEAT1 gene expression and the molecular mechanism via which NEAT1 regulates the expression of its target genes, providing novel insights into the central role of NEAT1 in gene regulation. Keywords NEAT1 · Gene regulation · Transcription · RNA stabilization · RBPs
Introduction Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are extremely diverse and have various significant physiological functions. The main cellular functions of lncRNAs are regulating gene expression, stabilizing protein complexes, and regulating subcellular architecture [1]. Among the characterized nuclear lncRNAs, nuclear paraspeckle assembly transcript 1 (NEAT1) has been reported to be involved in
Ziqiang Wang and Kun Li contributed equally to this work. * Ziqiang Wang [email protected] * Weiren Huang [email protected] 1
Department of Urology, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen 518039, China
2
Guangdong Key Laboratory of Systems Biology and Synthetic Biology for Urogenital Tumors, Shenzhen 518035, China
3
Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, The First Hospital Affiliated with Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250014, China
multiple physiological and pathological processes, such as the immune response [2, 3], viral infection [4–6], tumors [7, 8], and neurodegenerative diseases [9]. NEAT1 is composed of two isoform transcripts, NEAT1v1 (3.7 kb) and NEAT1v2 (23 kb), which are necessary components for nuclear paraspeckle formation that associate with other paraspeckle proteins, including paraspeckle component 1 (PSPC1), 54 KDa nuclear RNA- and DNA-binding protein (p54nrb), and splicing factor proline/glutamine rich (SFPQ) [10]. The long isoform NEAT1v2 first interacts with p54nrb/NONO and SFPQ/PSF to form an RNA–protein complex, following which the short isoform NEAT1v1 and PSPC1
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