Long Non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), A New Target in Stroke
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Long Non‑coding RNAs (lncRNAs), A New Target in Stroke Ziyu Wang1 · Xiang Li1 · Liangliang Huang1 · Ge Liu1 · Yan Chen1 · Binbin Li1 · Xueyan Zhao1 · Rong Xie2 · Yunman Li1 · Weirong Fang1,3 Received: 22 May 2020 / Accepted: 22 August 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Stroke has become the most disabling and the second most fatal disease in the world. It has been a top priority to reveal the pathophysiology of stroke at cellular and molecular levels. A large number of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are identified to be abnormally expressed after stroke. Here, we summarize 35 lncRNAs associated with stroke, and clarify their functions on the prognosis through signal transduction and predictive values as biomarkers. Changes in the expression of these lncRNAs mediate a wide range of pathological processes in stroke, including apoptosis, inflammation, angiogenesis, and autophagy. Based on the exploration of the functions and mechanisms of lncRNAs in stroke, more timely, accurate predictions and more effective, safer treatments for stroke could be developed. Keywords Long non-coding RNA · Stroke · Signal pathway · Pathophysiology · Therapeutic targets
Introduction Stroke The world is facing an epidemic of stroke, a life-threatening disease which is the second leading cause of disability and the first leading cause of mortality among people over the age of 60 (Hankey 2017). Stroke is an acute cerebrovascular disease caused by the sudden rupture or the obstruction of cerebral vessels. At present, stroke is classified into two Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10571-020-00954-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Yunman Li [email protected] * Weirong Fang [email protected] 1
State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People’s Republic of China
2
Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, People’s Republic of China
3
Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Mailbox 207, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
main types clinically: hemorrhagic stroke (HS) and ischemic stroke (IS), 87% of which is attributed to IS. IS is a devastating disease with high rates of morbidity and mortality worldwide. There are 13 million morbidities and 5.5 million deaths annually (Randolph 2016). According to the pathogenesis and clinical manifestations, cerebral infarction can be categorized into three types: cerebral thrombosis, cerebral embolism, and lacunar cerebral infarction. Arterial occlusion or stenosis is primarily caused by atherosclerosis and arteritis, and is more common in occluded vessels. The pathogenesis of HS involves cerebrovascular rupture, leakage, and thrombosis, leading to increasing intracranial p
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