Long-term health-related quality of life concerns related to the COVID-19 pandemic: a call to action
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LETTER TO THE EDITOR
Long‑term health‑related quality of life concerns related to the COVID‑19 pandemic: a call to action W. Jeff Bryson1 Accepted: 7 October 2020 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has far-reaching implications for HRQoL into the future. This disease affects many systems of the body, as well as having an impact on the psychological status of those with the condition, their families, and health care workers. Given the breadth of conditions that may result from COVID-19, it is critical that quality of life researchers begin preparing to address the many factors that may impact HRQoL for many people worldwide. Keywords Health-related quality of life · COVID-19 · Long-term complications · Health care avoidance The novel coronavirus (COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has affected millions worldwide and enveloped every continent with the possible exception of Antarctica. COVID19 is highly transmissible and associated with many potential health consequences [1–4]. Scientific endeavors to better understand this virus and its complications are ongoing, but generally inadequate at this time due to the recency of the disease and the lack of large-scale and longitudinal studies. Some health consequences such as pneumonia and increased proinflammatory cytokine levels are associated with the virus or immune response [1, 2]. Those who contract the virus are also at risk for developing complications such as those involving the respiratory, neurological, and renal systems [1–4]. Efforts to prevent the virus may also have a broader impact on health conditions not directly related to COVID-19. An example of this is the possible avoidance of health care due to fears of contracting COVID-19 in the process. Those in higher risk categories such as advanced age, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, kidney disease, or compromised immune systems may be appropriately fearful, but also at risk of jeopardizing their health status if critical monitoring and treatments are reduced. Any chronic illness that may arise directly from COVID-19 or from maladaptive
* W. Jeff Bryson [email protected] 1
Alliance Behavioral Health, LLC, 250 Chateau Drive, Suite 145, Crestwood Professional Center, Huntsville, AL 35801, USA
responses to prevent COVID-19 will have the potential to negatively affect health-related quality of life (HRQoL) [5]. Pneumonia and ground glass opacities are commonly observed in those with COVID-19 [1]. Although many will recover, there may be long-term damage and slower recovery among some survivors. This may leave those affected individuals with hypoxia, shortness of breath, and limitations in the ability to work and be active. Changes in a person’s level of functioning are also expected to contribute to depression and anxiety. This may also lead to poorer HRQoL stemming from factors such as pain, fatigue, reduced ability to contribute to family resources or community responsibilities, and an altered sense of identity and purpose. SARS-CoV-2, as with other coronaviruse
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