Low Cost Easy-to-Install Indoor Positioning System
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Low Cost Easy-to-Install Indoor Positioning System Suat Karakaya 1 & Hasan Ocak 1 Received: 29 November 2019 / Accepted: 26 March 2020 # Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract In this study, an image processing based indoor positioning system (IPS) scheme is presented. Real-time image of uniquely coded passive reflective tags which are illuminated by an infrared projector is used to calculate the instantaneous position of an object. The system simultaneously provides real-time position data and identifies unregistered tags and makes it possible to use these tags in later frames. The ideal state of the method is to determine the position using the tags with known locations. However, for ease of installation, known tags are placed only at certain reference points and positions of the remaining tags are calculated by applying a proposed auto-registration procedure. Such an approach provides a high level of ease of installation to the presented method. The satisfactory positioning accuracy level obtained in the experimental results also enables the proposed method to be evaluated as a powerful indoor positioning system. Keywords Indoor positioning system . Image processing . Calibration
1 Introduction In the motion planning process of mobile platforms, real-time position is to be obtained in an acceptable accuracy and delay levels. The localization equipment must be suitable for the working environment. Physical conditions such as wall structure, metal density, lighting conditions, ceiling shape in indoor environments affect the performance of the positioning system. The level of these effects may vary depending on the employed technique. Global Positioning System (GPS) based systems are the preferred solution for outdoor environments. For indoors on the other hand, alternative solutions have been studied since satellite access will be restricted. The proposed positioning methods for indoors are commonly based on WIFI, Bluetooth and radio signals and the other wireless communication based applications. The accuracy of positioning and permeability problems are improved with broadband communication technique, however, problems may arise due to impact distortion, channel estimation and synchronization errors. Industrial laser-based positioning devices can also provide
* Suat Karakaya [email protected] Hasan Ocak [email protected] 1
Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Kocaeli University, 41001 İzmit, Turkey
high accuracy position information. However, these products have relatively higher costs. Installation of passive reflectors also requires a certain level of expertise. Natural navigation approaches rely on processing of raw distance data measured by a 2D or 3D light detection and ranging sensor (LIDAR). Unlike other positioning methods which require the installation of artificial landmarks such as reflectors, it predicts the position by means of obstacle contours in the environment. However, this approach has several disadvantages. The measurement error can reach unpredictable levels if the laser beams break
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