Low-melting-temperature binary molten nitrate salt mixtures for solar energy storage
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Low‑melting‑temperature binary molten nitrate salt mixtures for solar energy storage Mahesh Vaka1 · Rashmi Walvekar2 · Mohammad Khalid3 · Priyanka Jagadish3 Received: 27 December 2019 / Accepted: 7 April 2020 © Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, Hungary 2020
Abstract Thermal analysis of the binary system (Al(NO3)3)–(Cu(NO3)2) of different ratios was performed by using differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis. The eutectic temperature of the binary salt mixture was determined to be 65 °C. Moreover, the degradation temperature, specific heat, latent heat of fusion and thermal stability were reported, respectively. Further, this work focuses on synthesising low-temperature salt mixtures comprised of aluminium nitrate nonhydrate (Al(NO3)3) and copper nitrate hydrate (Cu(NO3)2) of varying compositions (60:40, 50:50, 55:45 and 57.5:42.5), respectively, which are optimised using Design of Expert v13. The performance of the binary salt mixture was determined from the results obtained from thermal stability measurements after the exposure of salt mixture to 120 h at a higher temperature. The results showed that the novel binary molten salt mixtures exhibit decomposition at 215 °C and the latent heat was found to increase from 17.7 to 20.73 J g−1 with the increase in aluminium nitrate composition with excellent repeatability after three sets of experiments. The average specific heat of binary molten salt mixture was observed from 2.73 to 2.13 J g−1 K−1. The optimal molar ratio of binary molten salts is found to be 60:40 (Al/Cu) from the obtained results. Field emission scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray showed a uniform distribution of both the salts in the mixture. The average specific heat of the optimal molar ratio was 21.8% higher compared to other molar ratios, indicating the most promising material to be used in solar applications. Keywords Low-melting temperature · Binary molten salt mixtures · Heat storage · Latent heat · Thermal stability
Introduction The increase in solar energy consumption is one of the primary concerns that is related to environmental issues and depletion of fossil fuels [1]. Thermo-fluid technology has
* Mahesh Vaka [email protected] * Rashmi Walvekar [email protected] 1
School of Engineering and Computer Science, Taylor’s University Lakeside Campus, No. 1 Jalan Taylor’s, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
2
Department of Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Malaysia, Jalan Sunsuria, Bandar Sunsuria, 43900 Sepang, Selangor, Malaysia
3
Graphene & Advanced 2D Materials Research Group, School of Science and Technology, Sunway University, No. 5, Jalan University, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
made an impact in the process of heat transfer, and several researchers conducted different studies experimentally or numerically to manage the heat transfer [2]. Thermo-fluids are widely used in solar energy applications, which transfer the heat directly from the sun to heat exchangers for energy production
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