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Glossary

Low Income Countries Definition Worldwide, countries are classified according to their Gross Domestic Product. Four groups of countries are being used: Low Income Countries, low-middle income countries, high-middle income countries and high income countries. Low Income Countries are those which have per capita income lower or equal to $905.

Low-Middle Income Countries/ High Income Countries Definition Worldwide, countries are classified according to their Gross Domestic Product. Four groups of countries are being used: Low Income Countries, Low-Middle Income countries, High-Middle Income Countries and High Income Countries.

Lower Extremity Arterial Disease Definition LEAD (Lower Extremity Arterial Disease) is defined as segmental stenosis and occlusion involving any vessel from the infrarenal aorta to the crural and pedal arteries, mainly from atherosclerosis at the proximal sites (aortoiliac and femoropopliteal levels).

Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Definition A series of symptoms consisting of urination frequency and urgency, dysuria, urinary incontinence.

LP ▶ Linear Predictor

LT ▶ Light Therapy

Lumbar Disc Disease Definition Umbrella term for pathological changes of lumbar intervertebral discs, ranging from (1) dehydration of the nucleus pulposus, (2) protrusion of intervertebral discs into the spinal canal and (3) herniation of the nucleus pulposus through a ruptured annulus fibrosus (with or without sequestration). LDD leads to low back pain and symptoms of neural compression of the lower extremities: irradiating leg pain, motor and sensory dysfunction.

Lumbar Disc Herniation Definition Rupture of the annulus fibrosus with slipping of material of the nucleus pulposus into the spinal canal.

Lung Volume Reduction Surgery Synonyms Pneumectomy Definition A surgical treatment for patients with advanced emphysema where 20–30% of the least-functional diseased emphysematous