Machine Vision

Machine vision means to endow the machine with visual perception system which provides similar biological visual ability to facilitate situational awareness. The machine vision system converts the ingested object into an image signal by an image capturing

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Xin Bi

Environmental Perception Technology for Unmanned Systems

Unmanned System Technologies

Springer’s Unmanned Systems Technologies (UST) book series publishes the latest developments in unmanned vehicles and platforms in a timely manner, with the highest of quality, and written and edited by leaders in the field. The aim is to provide an effective platform to global researchers in the field to exchange their research findings and ideas. The series covers all the main branches of unmanned systems and technologies, both theoretical and applied, including but not limited to: • Unmanned aerial vehicles, unmanned ground vehicles and unmanned ships, and all unmanned systems related research in: • Robotics Design • Artificial Intelligence • Guidance, Navigation and Control • Signal Processing • Circuit and Systems • Mechatronics • Big Data • Intelligent Computing and Communication • Advanced Materials and Engineering The publication types of the series are monographs, professional books, graduate textbooks, and edited volumes. To submit a proposal or request further information, please contact: Dr. Mengchu Huang, Senior Editor, Applied Sciences Email: [email protected] Tel.: +86-21-2422 5094

More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/15608

Xin Bi

Environmental Perception Technology for Unmanned Systems

123

Xin Bi Tongji University Shanghai, China

ISSN 2523-3734 ISSN 2523-3742 (electronic) Unmanned System Technologies ISBN 978-981-15-8092-5 ISBN 978-981-15-8093-2 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8093-2 Jointly published with Huazhong University of Science and Technology Press The print edition is not for sale in China (Mainland). Customers from China (Mainland) please order the print book from: Huazhong University of Science and Technology Press. © Huazhong University of Science and Technology Press and Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publishers, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publishers, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publishers nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publishers remain neutral with r