• PDF / 4,224,534 Bytes
• 298 Pages / 433.701 x 612.284 pts Page_size
• 22 Downloads / 220 Views

DOWNLOAD

REPORT

---

The Cultural Life of Machine Learning

Jonathan Roberge · Michael Castelle Editors

The Cultural Life of Machine Learning An Incursion into Critical AI Studies

Editors Jonathan Roberge Centre Urbanisation Culture Société Institut national de la recherche scientifique Quebec City, QC, Canada

Michael Castelle Centre for Interdisciplinary Methodologies University of Warwick Coventry, UK

ISBN 978-3-030-56285-4 ISBN 978-3-030-56286-1 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-56286-1 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021 Chapter 2 is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). For further details see license information in the chapter. This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Cover illustration: Original artwork by Mario Klingemann This Palgrave Macmillan imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland

Contents

1

2

Toward an End-to-End Sociology of 21st-Century Machine Learning Jonathan Roberge and Michael Castelle Mechanized Significance and Machine Learning: Why It Became Thinkable and Preferable to Teach Machines to Judge the World Aaron Mendon-Plasek

1

31

79

3

What Kind of Learning Is Machine Learning? Tyler Reigeluth and Michael Castelle

4

The Other Cambridge Analytics: Early “Artificial Intelligence” in American Political Science Fenwick McKelvey

117

Machinic Encounters: A Relational Approach to the Sociology of AI Ceyda Yolgörmez

143

5

v

vi

CONTENTS

6

AlphaGo’s Deep Play: Technological Breakthrough as Social Drama Werner Binder

167

Adversariality in Machine Learning Systems: On Neural Networks and the Limits of Knowledge Théo Lepa