Magnetic resonance imaging for chronic pain: diagnosis, manipulation, and biomarkers
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https://doi.org/10.1007/s11427-020-1822-4
•REVIEW•
Magnetic resonance imaging for chronic pain: diagnosis, manipulation, and biomarkers 1,2
3
1,2
Yiheng Tu , Jin Cao , Yanzhi Bi
& Li Hu
1,2,4*
1
CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing 100101, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; 3 Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston 02129, USA; 4 Department of Pain Management, The State Key Clinical Specialty in Pain Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical 2
University, Guangzhou 510260, China Received July 17, 2020; accepted September 15, 2020; published online November 23, 2020
Pain is a multidimensional subjective experience with biological, psychological, and social factors. Whereas acute pain can be a warning signal for the body to avoid excessive injury, long-term and ongoing pain may be developed as chronic pain. There are more than 100 million people in China living with chronic pain, which has raised a huge socioeconomic burden. Studying the mechanisms of pain and developing effective analgesia approaches are important for basic and clinical research. Recently, with the development of brain imaging and data analytical approaches, the neural mechanisms of chronic pain have been widely studied. In the first part of this review, we briefly introduced the magnetic resonance imaging and conventional analytical approaches for brain imaging data. Then, we reviewed brain alterations caused by several chronic pain disorders, including localized and widespread primary pain, primary headaches and orofacial pain, musculoskeletal pain, and neuropathic pain, and present meta-analytical results to show brain regions associated with the pathophysiology of chronic pain. Next, we reviewed brain changes induced by pain interventions, such as pharmacotherapy, neuromodulation, and acupuncture. Lastly, we reviewed emerging studies that combined advanced machine learning and neuroimaging techniques to identify diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive biomarkers in chronic pain patients. chronic pain, magnetic resonance imaging, biomarkers, machine learning Citation:
Tu, Y., Cao, J., Bi, Y., and Hu, L. (2020). Magnetic resonance imaging for chronic pain: diagnosis, manipulation, and biomarkers. Sci China Life Sci 63, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11427-020-1822-4
Introduction As a multidimensional and highly complex subjective experience consisting of biological, psychological, and social factors, pain occurs when something hurts, causing an uncomfortable or unpleasant feeling. Acute pain, caused by specific causes, usually comes on suddenly. It goes away when there is no longer an underlying cause for the pain, and a person can go on with life as usual. In contrast, chronic pain lasts longer than three months, *Corresponding author (email: [email protected])
and does not act as a warning signal that acute pain does. It brings tremendous personal and societal burden: chroni
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