Magnetoelectric Effect in Two-Layer Composites with a Graded Magnetic Phase
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Magnetoelectric Effect in Two-Layer Composites with a Graded Magnetic Phase V. N. Shuta, *, V. L. Trublovskya, V. M. Laletina, and I. Yadroitsevb a Institute
of Technical Acoustics, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Vitebsk, 210023 Belarus b Central University of Technology, Free State, Bloemfontein, 9300 South Africa * e-mail: [email protected] Received June 18, 2020; revised July 8, 2020; accepted July 9, 2020
Abstract—Samples of a homogeneous (x = 0, 0.1, and 0.2) and multilayer ceramics with a gradient composition (x = 0.2 → 0.1 → 0 → 0.1 → 0.2) based on solid solutions of (Ni1 − xZnx)Fe2O4 nickel–zinc ferrites have been manufactured using the thick-film technology. After sintering in a two-step mode, the gradient samples exhibited a smooth non-uniform distribution of chemical elements (Zn, Ni) over the thickness. The longitudinal (αE33) and transverse (αE31) magnetoelectric effects in two-layer PZT–nickel ferrite composites have been studied. In the absence of an external magnetostatic field, the values of magnetoelectric coefficients were negligible. The maximum value of the longitudinal magnetoelectric coefficient for composites with the gradient magnetic phase was practically two times higher than value of αE33 for homogeneous structures. Keywords: nickel–zinc ferrites, graded ceramics, magnetic properties, magnetoelectric effect DOI: 10.1134/S1063783420110323
INTRODUCTION Recently, sustainable interest in magnetoelectrics (multiferroics), a class of simultaneously magnetically and electrically ordered materials, has been retained [1–3]. The interaction between the electric and magnetic subsystems of these materials is exhibited as the magnetoelectric (ME) effect. This effect consists in the appearance of electric field E (or polarization P) in a sample by the application of magnetic field H (E = αEH, direct ME effect) or in the appearance of magnetization M (or magnetic field H) by application of electric field E (H = αHE, inverse ME effect). The presence of the mentioned effects in materials offers the extensive challenge of their application in different devices and facilities without the direct current flows and corresponding heat losses [4, 5]. However, for single-phase magnetoelectrics (such as BiFeO3, YMnO3, Cr2O3, etc.) low values of ME effects and low temperatures of their manifestation are typical, which made not possible to discuss their practical application [6, 7]. The situation was cardinally changed after the practical realization of the development of composite media consisting of two mechanically bonded phases: piezomagnetic (or magnetostriction) and piezoelectric. The key points by the development of composites with the high ME coefficients are the enhanced characteristics of separate components, formation of a perfect interface between the magnetic and piezoelectric phases, and the type of connectivity [1, 3, 8]. A new approach directed toward enhancement of character-
istics of ME composites is the development of structures with a gradient composition (properties), for whic
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