Maladaptive Emotional Schemas and Emotional Functioning: Evaluation of an Integrated Model Across Two Independent Sample
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Maladaptive Emotional Schemas and Emotional Functioning: Evaluation of an Integrated Model Across Two Independent Samples Emily R. Edwards1,2 · Yingqi Liu1 · Danny Ruiz1 · Nicholaus P. Brosowsky3 · Peggilee Wupperman1 Accepted: 29 October 2020 © This is a U.S. Government work and not under copyright protection in the US; foreign copyright protection may apply 2020
Abstract Recent advancements in emotion theory propose that emotional schemas—individualized conceptualizations and beliefs about emotions—serve a fundamental function in guiding emotional processes. To critically assess the validity of this suggestion, the current research proposed and evaluated an integrative model of emotional functioning. Two studies were completed using a combination of behavioral (Mirror Tracing Persistence Task), performance-based (Perception of Affect Task), and selfreport (Leahy Emotional Schema Scale-II, Cognitive-Behavioral Avoidance Scale, Generalized Expectancy for Negative Mood Regulation Scale, UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale) measures of maladaptive emotional schemas and emotional functioning. Results supported the model and suggested complex interrelations between maladaptive emotional schemas, emotion-processing deficits, avoidant coping, emotion-regulation ineffectiveness, and behavioral dysregulation, with emotional schemas playing a key role in guiding emotional experience and functioning. Given the centrality of beliefs about emotion and emotional functioning in empirically supported therapies, the proposed model may inform future research on mechanisms of change in these treatments. Keywords Emotional schemas · Emotion regulation · Behavioral regulation · Avoidant coping · Emotion processing Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s1094 2-020-00379-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Emily R. Edwards [email protected] 1
Department of Psychology, John Jay College of Criminal Justice, New York, NY, USA
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VISN 2 MIRECC, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, 130 W. Kingsbridge Road, Bronx, NY 10468, USA
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Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
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Introduction Recent years have seen a rise in the popularity of third-wave behavior therapies. Third-wave behavior therapies (e.g., dialectical behavior therapy [DBT]; functional analytic psychotherapy [FAP], Acceptance and Commitment Therapy [ACT], etc.) are characterized by experiential treatment strategies that target secondary reactions to private emotional experiences (e.g., mindfulness, acceptance, etc.; Hayes et al. 2004; Kahl et al. 2012). With some variation, these treatments theorize that the way an individual relates to internal, private experiences contributes to these secondary reactions, thereby shaping emotional functioning (e.g., emotion processing, emotion regulation, behavior regulation, etc.). For example, DBT’s biosocial theory suggests emotion and behavior dysregu
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