Management of flying insects on expressways through an academic-industrial collaboration: evaluation of the effect of li
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Open Access
Management of flying insects on expressways through an academicindustrial collaboration: evaluation of the effect of light wavelengths and meteorological factors on insect attraction Masahiro Komatsu1†, Keigo Kurihara2†, Susumu Saito1, Mana Domae3, Naoki Masuya1, Yuta Shimura1, Shunichiro Kajiyama1, Yuna Kanda4, Kouki Sugizaki1, Kouji Ebina1, Osamu Ikeda1, Yudai Moriwaki1, Naohiro Atsumi1, Katsuyoshi Abe1, Tadashi Maruyama1, Satoshi Watanabe1 and Hiroshi Nishino3*
Abstract Insect outbreaks often occur in the absence of natural enemies and in the presence of excess suitable host materials. Outbreaks of gypsy moths are especially problematic in remote areas located in high-latitude regions in Japan because the majority of adults emerge during the short summer season and initiate synchronous mass flight toward artificial lights. The aggregation of moths in public facilities not only is an annoyance to visitors but also permits the establishment of new populations the following year. The aim of this study was to establish a method to reduce the numbers of large moths that are attracted to lights in the rest areas of expressways in Hokkaido based on the results of research on their behavioral ecology and physiology. First, we conducted extensive insect surveys using light traps that emit light at different wavelengths; the traps were set along the expressways in the summers of 2014–2018. The insects attracted to the light were roughly classified into those showing a preference for broadband light wavelengths (from UV-A to green) and short light wavelengths (from UV-A to blue). The former included aquatic insects and winged ants, and the latter included moths and beetles. Next, we analyzed correlations between moth emergence and daily meteorological data. When gypsy moths were abundant during an outbreak, the daily catch of gypsy moths was positively correlated with the highest ambient temperature on the catch day but not with the visibility range, wind speed, or moon phase. In contrast, the daily catch of oak silkmoths did not correlate with any of these parameters. Our results provide guidance for the management of forest insects inhabiting cool-temperate to subarctic regions based on light wavelengths with reference to weather variables. Keywords: Gypsy moth, Oak silkmoth, Chafer, Fluorescent light, Light emitting diode (LED), Light trap, Meteorological factors, Subarctic region
* Correspondence: [email protected] † Masahiro Komatsu and Keigo Kurihara contributed equally to this work. 3 Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan Full list of author information is available at the end of the article © The Author(s). 2020 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons lice
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