Manifestations of rural entrepreneurship: the journey so far and future pathways
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Manifestations of rural entrepreneurship: the journey so far and future pathways Umesh Shrivastava1 · Amit Kumar Dwivedi1 Received: 18 March 2020 / Accepted: 23 September 2020 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract Rural entrepreneurship has manifested into a diverse and progressive field of research in the last two decades. It has seen research amalgamating from different fields and faculties. Rural entrepreneurship however is scattered and lacks categorization. Therefore, literature review on rural entrepreneurship to understand what has been done and what can be done seems imperative. The main aim of this paper is to offer the readers a clear picture of different categories in rural entrepreneurship research. This aim is achieved by performing a Bibliometric citation analysis and thereafter a thematic analysis to identify major areas where rural entrepreneurship research has been concentrated in the last 20 years. The study is based on 158 papers on rural entrepreneurship published in the last two decades. Despite a vast pool of publications, four major themes are identified; Spatial dimension, Sustainability, Income Generation and Barriers in rural entrepreneurship. From these themes 16 sub-themes have emerged during the review. Many gaps are identified in each category and avenues for further advancement of rural entrepreneurship is discussed. Keywords Rural · Entrepreneurship · Agribusiness · Rural enterprise · Sustainability
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s1130 1-020-00199-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Umesh Shrivastava [email protected] Amit Kumar Dwivedi [email protected] 1
Entrepreneurship Development Institute of India (EDII), P.O. Bhat, Via Indira Bridge, Near Apollo circle, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382 428, India
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U. Shrivastava, A. Kumar Dwivedi
1 Introduction Increased opportunities in the rural sector and enhanced quality of rural products has seen a surge in rural entrepreneurship research in the last couple of decades (Stathopoulou et al. 2004). What started as a necessity to research rural scenario due to shifts and changes occurring in rural society (Wortman 1990), soon became a field of study where entrepreneurship could contribute to rural employment (Kulawczuk 1998; Lafuente et al. 2007). However, to define rural in one particular context would be to seize its vastness and varied applicability in different domains. The overarching ability of rural entrepreneurship to encompass different contexts under one umbrella makes it difficult to deconstruct. What works for one demographic, culture or socioeconomic setting might be completely opposite in another part of the world (Copus et al. 2008b). For urban people, it might represent a place for tourism (Figueiredo and Raschi 2012), while some may perceive it in demographic terms (Copus et al. 2008b). Rural areas cover majority of land worldwide and often face more problems than urban re
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