Manufacturing Babies and Public Consent Debating the New Reproductiv
In Manufacturing Babies and Public Consent, Jose Van Dyck sketches a map of the public debate on new reproductive technologies as it has evolved in the USA and Britain since 1978. Many people have participated in heated discussions on test-tube babies and
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Manufacturing Babies and Public Consent Debating the New Reproductive Technologies
Jose Van Dyck Assistant Professor
M
of Journalism, Universiry of Groningen, The Netherlands
MACMILLAN
©Jose VanDyck 1995 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London WIP 9HE. Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. First published 1995 by MACMILLAN PRESS LTD Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 2XS and London Companies and representatives throughout the world ISBN 978-0-333-62965-9 DOI 10.1057/9780230373426
ISBN 978-0-230-37342-6 (eBook)
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. 10
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Copy-edited and typeset by Povey-Edmondson Okehampton and Rochdale, England
To the memory of my father
Contents
Acknowledgments
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Introduction: Manufacturing Babies and Public Consent l
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Mapping the Public Debate on New Reproductive Technologies Introduction A Public Debate as a Field of Struggle Medical Authority and Feminist Criticism Reading Science, Journalism. and Fiction as Culture Introduction Science as Discourse Journalism as Discourse Science in Fiction, Fictions of Science The Role of the Critic in a Public Debate Constructing the Need for New Reproductive Technologies Introduction The First Test-Tube Baby: 'Gee Whiz! A Miracle!' From Miracle to Cure: Establishing the Need for IVF From Cure to Plague Fem.inist Assessm.ents of New Reproductive Technologies Introduction Constructing a Countermyth Rejecting the Countermyth Imagining Reproduction: Feminist Fictions of Science Feminism between Margin and Mainstream Vll
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Contents
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From Cure to Commodity: The Naturalization ofiVF Introduction Playing the Odds: The Numbers Game The Natural Construction of Medical Facts Reconsidering Oppositional Strategies
119 119 121 128 143
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From Need to Right: The Legalization of Genetic Motherhood Introduction Anna Johnson versus the Los Angeles Times The Naturalization of a Legal Definition The Divided Feminist Body
149 149 152 166 171
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From Legalization to Legislation: Race and Age as Determining Factors Introduction Postmenopausal Pregancies Transracial Impregnation Nature, Logic and the Public Debate
175 175 178 184 189
Conclusion
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Notes
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Bibliography
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Index
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Acknowledgments I would like to express my gratitude to institutions and persons on both sides of the Atlantic who helped me realize this project. The American Association for Universi
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