Many-Body Systems in the Strong Interaction

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Bogdan Povh · Klaus Rith · Christoph Scholz · Frank Zetsche

Particles and Nuclei An Introduction to the Physical Concepts Translated by Martin Lavelle

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Prof. Dr. Bogdan Povh MPI f¨ur Kernphysik Saupfercheckweg 1 69117 Heidelberg Germany [email protected] Dr. Christoph Scholz SAP AG 69185 Walldorf Germany Translator: Dr. Martin Lavelle Institut de F`ısica d’Altes Energies Facultat de Ci`encies Universitat Aut`onoma de Barcelona 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona) Spain

Prof. Dr. Klaus Rith Univ. Erlangen-N¨urnberg Naturwissenschaftl. Fakult¨at I Inst. Physik Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1 91058 Erlangen Germany Dr. Frank Zetsche DESY Notkestr. 85 22607 Hamburg Germany

Title of the original German Edition: B. Povh, K. Rith, C. Scholz, F. Zetsche: Teilchen und Kerne Eine Einf¨uhrung in die physikalischen Konzepte. (8. Auflage) c Springer 1993, 1994, 1995, 1997, 1999, 2004, 2006 und 2008

ISBN: 978-3-540-79367-0

e-ISBN: 978-3-540-79368-7

Library of Congress Control Number: 2008928569 c 2008 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg  This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations are liable to prosecution under the German Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Typesetting: J¨urgen Sawinski, Heidelberg Cover design: WMXDesign, Heidelberg Printed on acid-free paper 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 springer.com

Preface to the Sixth Edition

The original chapters on deep inelastic scattering were formulated in 1993. Since this time a large amount of new experimental data have been obtained at the Electron-Proton Collider HERA at DESY in Hamburg. In summer of 2007 the Collider was turned off. The chapters 7 and 8 were partially rewritten as to include the most spectacular new results on deep inelastic scattering. I would like to thank Tina Pollmann for preparing the figures and J¨ urgen Sawinski for the formatting of the Sixth Edition.

Heidelberg, February 2008

Bogdan Povh

Preface to the Fourth and the Fifth Edition

In the last two editions we included new results on the neutrino oscillations as evidence for a non-vanishing mass of the neutrinos. In the present edition we have rewritten the chapter on “Phenomenology of the Weak Interaction” (Chapter 10) in order to give a coherent presentation of the neutrino properties. Furthermore, we extended the chapter on “Nuclear Thermodynamics” (Chapter 19).

Heidelberg, July 2006

Bogdan Povh

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