Mapping the Intellectual Structure of Social Entrepreneurship Research: A Citation/Co-citation Analysis

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ORIGINAL PAPER

Mapping the Intellectual Structure of Social Entrepreneurship Research: A Citation/Co-citation Analysis Pradeep Kumar Hota1   · Balaji Subramanian2,3 · Gopalakrishnan Narayanamurthy4 Received: 29 December 2017 / Accepted: 12 February 2019 © Springer Nature B.V. 2019

Abstract In this paper, we employ bibliometric analysis to empirically analyse the research on social entrepreneurship published between 1996 and 2017. By employing methods of citation analysis, document co-citation analysis, and social network analysis, we analyse 1296 papers containing 74,237 cited references and uncover the structure, or intellectual base, of research on social entrepreneurship. We identify nine distinct clusters of social entrepreneurship research that depict the intellectual structure of the field. The results provide an overall perspective of the social entrepreneurship field, identifying its influential works and analysing scholarly communication between these works. The results further aid in clarifying the overall centrality features of the social entrepreneurship research network. We also examine the integration of ethics into social entrepreneurship literature. We conclude with a discussion on the structure and evolution of the social entrepreneurship field. Keywords  Social entrepreneurship · Business ethics · Bibliometric analysis · Citation analysis · Co-citation analysis · Intellectual structure

Introduction Social entrepreneurship, defined as solving social problems using market-based methods, has gained in popularity over the past two decades and is increasingly acknowledged as a practice that can create both economic and social value Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (https​://doi.org/10.1007/s1055​1-019-04129​-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Pradeep Kumar Hota [email protected] Balaji Subramanian [email protected] Gopalakrishnan Narayanamurthy [email protected] 1



LM Thapar School of Management, Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology, Patiala, Punjab, India

2



Thiagarajar School of Management, Madurai, Tamil Nadu 625005, India

3

Indian Institute of Management Kozhikode, IIM Kozhikode Campus (P.O), Kunnamangalam 673570, Kerala, India

4

University of Liverpool Management School, Chatham Street, Liverpool L69 7ZH, UK



(Christie and Honig 2006; Dees et al. 2002; Harding 2004; Mair and Marti 2006; Rey-Marti et al. 2016). The pressing need to address the numerous global social and environmental challenges of the twenty-first century (Marti and Mair 2009), coupled with the growing legitimacy of marketbased methods (Dart 2004), has led to the emergence of social entrepreneurship and increasing interest in the topic by policymakers, practitioners (Wilson and Post 2013), and academic researchers (Nicholls 2006; Weerawardena and Mort 2006). Scholars from a variety of disciplines, such as entrepreneurship (Chell et al. 2010; Corner and Ho 2010), sociology (Kriauciunas et al. 2011),