Marker-Aided Selection of Polyploid Poplars
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Marker-Aided Selection of Polyploid Poplars Fanming Kong & Jingjing Liu & Yingnan Chen & Zhibing Wan & Tongming Yin
Published online: 13 April 2013 # Springer Science+Business Media New York 2013
Abstract Polyploid breeding is an important means for creating elite varieties for the development of poplar plantations. However, polyploid poplars are rare in natural stands. In this study, we established an analytical toolkit to perform marker-aided selection of polyploid poplars. This toolkit contains 12 SSR primer pairs with sites located in the exonic DNA regions and resulting amplified microsatellites in the intronic/intergenic regions. Highly conserved primer pairs were selected by testing in eight species from four poplar sections. The amplified loci’s variability was examined using trees from a germplasm collection of Populus deltoides. Subsequently, copy numbers amplified by the highly variable primers were experimentally determined using progeny of a full-sib diploid pedigree. Based on the above tests, a subset of primers were finally selected and used for marker-aided selection of polyploid poplars from a set of natural Populus tomentosa stands. The reliability of the established analytical toolkit was further verified using a flow cytometer. We established a fast and reliable technique to screen polyploid poplars from natural stands. Keywords Marker-aided selection . Polyploidy . Microsatellite . Poplar
Fanming Kong, Jingjing Liu, and Yingnan Chen contributed equally to this work. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s12155-013-9331-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. F. Kong : J. Liu : Y. Chen : Z. Wan : T. Yin (*) The Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology, Nanjing Forestry University, 159#, Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, China e-mail: [email protected]
Introduction Polyploids are organisms whose genome contains more than two homologous sets of chromosomes. Most eukaryotic species are diploid; however, polyploidy is found in many organisms and is especially common in plants. Some estimates suggest that 30 to 80 % of living plant species are polyploid [1]. Polyploidy typically has positive effects on the phenotype and fitness of an individual [2]. At a phenotypic level, cell volume generally rises with increasing genome size [3, 4] and, generally, polyploidization increases adult body size and fitness in plants [5]. Beyond these immediate effects, it might also allow evolutionary transitions that were previously impossible [2]. Because of the above effects, polyploid breeding has long been an important means for creating commercially important varieties of different plant species [6, 7], although the exact relationship between ploidy and growth varies among environments and taxa. The genus Populus is composed of dioecious woody plants that are economically and ecologically important worldwide. The genus consists of six sections: Abaso, Populus, Leucoides, Aigeiros, Turanga, and Tacamahaca [8]. Cytological studi
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