Martensitic Transformations and Mechanical and Corrosion Properties of Fe-Mn-Si Alloys for Biodegradable Medical Implant
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INTRODUCTION
RECENTLY, the biodegradable metallic implants for temporary applications have attracted a lot of attention in biomedical science. Their degradation properties in a corrosive environment are used to avoid repeated surgical intervention for the implant removal after the completion of the healing process.[1–6] Among the biodegradable metallic materials, the Fe-Mn-Si alloys, initially considered only as shape memory and damping alloys,[7,8] are the most promising ones. Indeed, they degrade inside the human body faster than pure iron known to have a rather low degradation rate,[9–12] while they degrade slower than magnesium alloys known to have a too high degradation rate.[13,14] Additionally, it is noteworthy that manganese and
RICHARD DREVET, YULIA ZHUKOVA, POLINA MALIKOVA, SERGEY DUBINSKIY, ANDREY KOROTITSKIY, YURY PUSTOV and SERGEY PROKOSHKIN are with the National University of Science and Technology "MISiS", Leninskiy prosp. 4, Moscow 119049, Russian Federation. Contact e-mail: [email protected] Manuscript submitted April 19, 2017.
METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A
silicon are nontoxic elements for the human body since they are well established to be essential for the body function of all mammals.[6,15] Several previous studies have shown that the mechanical properties of the Fe-Mn-Si alloys are appropriate and close to those of stainless steels with manganese content between 23 and 30 wt pct.[16–18] Another important factor for the implant use of Fe-Mn-Si alloys is their biomechanical compatibility. Indeed, the mechanical properties of a bone implant used for load-bearing applications have to be close to those of the surrounding bone tissues.[2] Otherwise, the mechanical mismatch leads to stress-shielding effect that promotes the resorption of bone tissues due to the lack of appropriate stress naturally required for bone growth.[19] This requirement can be met by decreasing the Young’s modulus of the metallic material as much as possible. As for the Fe-Mn-Si biodegradable alloys, this property is overlooked, whereas the development of the reversible c M e martensitic transformation makes it possible to obtain a low Young’s modulus in the case when their Ms temperature is close to the body temperature due to a pre-transformation lattice softening phenomenon.[8,20,21] This advantage is of great importance for human body
implants.[22] Furthermore, due to their shape memory and superelastic properties, such alloys could also be envisaged for specific coronary stent applications if the temperature range of the reverse martensitic transformation is below the human body temperature.[11–14] Although several Fe-Mn-Si alloy compositions can be considered as promising, few studies report on the impact of the manganese content on their biodegradation ability in physiological environment. Also, their Young’s modulus value is not well documented. This study presents three Fe-Mn-Si alloys containing different manganese amounts and the impact of the manganese content on their degradation in a physiolog
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