Materials and Manufacturing Issues for Color Plasma Displays
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Table I: Companies with an Active Color Display Development Program as of November 1995. Dai Nippon Printing Electro Plasma Fujitsu Goldstar Hitachi Matsushita Mitsubishi Sony NHK
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Nontake Okaya Oki Photonics Pioneer Plasmaco Samsung NEC Thomson
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60-inch diagonals. As shown in Figure 1, which is a recent view by NHK (Japanese Broadcasting Corporation), of the future market occupation of various display devices, plasma displays face little competition in the 40- to 60-inch-diagonal range. Many industry observers believe that plasma displays will compete only with projection systems in largediagonal display applications. Rear projection systems suffer from limited viewing angles and have a much greater physical bulk than plasma displays. Front projection systems have limited suitability due to the requirement for placement of the projector relative to the viewing screen. Recent demonstrations of large colorplasma prototypes have proven that these displays can be made. The major remaining hurdle is how to achieve highvolume manufacturing at an affordable cost. As shown in Table II, plasmadisplay technology is clearly capable of meeting the information-display requirements for standard television, computer workstations, and high-definition television (HDTV). However, color plasma is still in the early stages of manufacturing development. A number of challenges must still be met in order for color-plasma displays to achieve mainstream market acceptance as hangon-the-wall televisions. Cooperation between the materials-science and electronics communities will be instrumental in meeting these future challenges.
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40
50
60
Size (inch) Figure 1. Vision of future display market by NHK. CRT = cathode-ray tube, EL = electroluminescence, LCD = liquid-crystal display, PALC = plasma-addressed liquid crystal, PDP = plasma-display panel, and VFD = vacuum fluorescent display.
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Materials and Manufacturing Issues for Color Plasma Displays
Table III: Status of Color-Plasma Displays as of November 1995. Product
Technology
Standard TV 20 in. 40 in. 60 in. 1280x1024 Workstation 20 in. 30 in. High-Definition Television (HDTV) 40 in. 60 in.
Manufacturing Process
Yes Yes Yes
Yes Yes No
Plant Yes No No
Yes Yes
Almost Almost
Yes Almost
No No
Yes Yes
No No
Almost No
No No
After a brief technology description, the remainder of this article will address the major materials issues involved in the manufacture of plasma displays. Plasma-Display Fundamentals Color-plasma displays have one of several basic structures. For ease of illustration, the Plasmaco 21-inch-diagonal full-color ac plasma display shown in Figure 2 will be used as an example. This display uses a structure, shown in Figure 3, which is being adopted by many leading plasma-display manufacturers, including Fujitsu, NEC, Mitsubishi, and Pioneer. The Figure 2 display consists of two glass substrates, each containing parallel electrodes, hermetically sealed together with their electrodes at right angles. The space between the two substrates is filled wit
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