Materials for Laser Spectroscopy: Rare earth doped alkaline earth fluorides
Alkaline earth fluorides in particular CaF2 SrF2 and BaF2 are excellent hosts for doping with rare earth impurities for the purpose of optical studies. Aspects of the crystal growth and preparation will be discussed. Over the last decade or so, a wealth o
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Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
SOLID STATE MATERIALS
EDITORS
S. RADHAKRISHNA A. DAUD
Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
EDITORS
S. Radhakrishna Institute of Advanced Studies University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia A. Daud Physics Department University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Copyright © 1991 Springer Science+Business Media New York Originally published by Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi in 1991 Softcover reprint of the hardcover I st edition 1991
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher Exclusive distribution in Europe and North America (including Canada and Mexico) by Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York London Paris Tokyo Hong Kong Barcelona Budapest For all other countries exclusive distribution by Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi All export rights for this book vest exclusively with the publishers. Unauthorized export is a violation of Copyright Law and is subject to legal action This book has been produced from the Camera Ready text provided by the Editors/Contributors ISBN 978-3-662-09937-7 ISBN 978-3-662-09935-3 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-662-09935-3
Preface Solid State Materials have become the driving force for the pace of todays society. In practically all aspects of Science and Technology materials play an important role. It will be no exaggeration to say that we are in the midst of a materials revolution. Materials scientists have responded to the needs of the industry from time to time. Several solid state devices are based on material modification and tailor-made production. As examples one can quote luminescent dosimeters made from doped LiF crystals, compact rechargeable solid state batteries made from lithium or silver ions embedded in suitable materials, tunnel diodes made from heavily doped silicon, microwave Gunn oscillators made from doped GaAs, semiconductor visible LASER diodes made from heterojunction GaAs-GaP, light emitting diodes made from doped semiconductors, thermoelectric coolers made from bismuth telluride, highly sensitive infrared detectors made from HgCdTe and a host of other devices. These devices have provided the impetus for intensified research into different aspects of Materials Science. This International workshop on Solid State Materials has been organized to provide hands on experience in the fast changing field of materials to scientists and technologists who are actively involved in developing various areas of Materials Sciences. We would like to express our gratitude to the authors who have taken the trouble to provide manuscripts of their talks in time for us to meet the deadline set by the press. The organizing committee would like to express its grateful appreciation to The Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment, Government of Malaysia, UNESCO and the Asian Physical Society for sponsoring the workshop and suppo