Materials for Short-Term Application in the Oral Cavity
A number of dental materials are used only for short term contact with the patient, such as temporary filling materials, impression materials, periodontal dressings and suture materials. Nevertheless, adverse patient reactions have been described after co
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aterials for Short-Term Application in the Oral Cavity G. Schmalz
11.1
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Introduction
This chapter reviews the biocompatibility of materials that are present in the oral cavity for a relatively short period of time. Impression materials stay in the oral cavity only for a few minutes, but if they accidentally remain in the gingival sulcus, they come into contact with deeper soft tissue and eventually even bone for several days. Periodontal dressing and dental suture materials are applied only for a few days, but dental personnel may repeatedly come into contact with these materials. Materials for temporary fillings, crowns, and bridges also have only limited contact time with the patient. Materials used for these purposes are mainly reviewed in other chapters of this book (see Chaps. 5, 6, and 9).
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Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Impression Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Basic Material Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Systemic Toxicity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Local Toxicity and Tissue Compatibility . . Allergies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mutagenicity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Periodontal Dressings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Basic Material Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Systemic Toxicity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Local Toxicity and Tissue Compatibility . . Allergies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mutagenicity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Suture Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Basic Material Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Systemic Toxicity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Local Toxicity and Tissue Compatibility . . Allergies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mutagenicity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Conclusions for the Dental Practitioner . . Appendix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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11.1 11.2 11.2.1 11.2.2 11.2.3 11.2.4 11.2.5 11.3 11.3.1 11.3.2 11.3.3 11.3.4 11.3.5 11.4 11.4.1 11.4.2 11.4.3 11.4.4 11.4.5
A material for temporary fillings of small cavities (Cavit), which has been on the market for several decades, consists of zinc oxide, calcium sulfate, zinc sulfate, glycol acetate, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl chloride acetate, triethanol amine, and pigments. The material sets through a reaction of water (e.g., from saliva) with calcium sulfate and zinc sulfate. This reaction is associated with a considerable expansion – approximately five times greater than for zinc oxide eugenol (ZOE) – which initially may cause a tight sealing [122]. Overall, however, the sealing capacity regarding p
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