Mathematical Models of the EMF
The source of the data on the internal geomagnetic field is the ground-based magnetic observations, aeromagnetic surveys, as well as the spaceborne measurements. The main EMF is determined by the temporal (over a year) and spatial (over the area of at lea
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Observations, Modeling and Systems Analysis in Geomagnetic Data Interpretation
Observations, Modeling and Systems Analysis in Geomagnetic Data Interpretation
Alexei Gvishiani Anatoly Soloviev •
Observations, Modeling and Systems Analysis in Geomagnetic Data Interpretation
123
Alexei Gvishiani Geophysical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow, Russia
Anatoly Soloviev Geophysical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow, Russia
ISBN 978-3-030-58967-7 ISBN 978-3-030-58969-1 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58969-1
(eBook)
© The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland
Foreword
Considering the long and august history of the Earth’s magnetic field, it might well be asked “Why a new book on geomagnetism is needed now?” I believe, however, that this book answers the current need to better understand the geomagnetic field. Over the last decades, new observations, numerical simulations, and experiments have offered more information about the geomagnetic field, which is currently changing dramatically. The dipole moment decreased by about 10% since the geomagnetic field vector is continuously measured. Besides, the intensity of the magnetic field in the center of the South Atlantic Anomaly, as well as the extension of this specific feature, have dramatically changed over the last decades. It is then crucial to understand the complexity of the physical processes behind the changes of the Earth’s natural magnetic fields, whereas it is well-known that the geomagnetic field is characterized by a multiscale spatial structure and a wide range of temp
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