Mathematical Processing of Quantum Images in a Biphoton Setup via Measurement Reduction
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RETICAL AND MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS
Mathematical Processing of Quantum Images in a Biphoton Setup via Measurement Reduction D. A. Balakin1* and A. V. Belinsky1** 1
Department of Physics, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991 Russia Received March 27, 2020; revised May 19, 2020; accepted May 23, 2020
Abstract—We investigate the possibilities of increasing the measurement accuracy and creating the leastdamaging regime of object illumination by mathematical simulation of the process of generating paired images, that is, a ghost image and a regular image, using a new scheme with quantum biphoton generation. It is shown that diffraction and non-unit quantum efficiency of the sensors in traditional ghost imaging cause missing some information carried by the object arm photons. Forming an image of the studied object in the object arm and registering it makes it possible to weaken the influence of these factors on the measurement result when using the developed version of the method of measurement reduction to the form that is typical for measuring the transparency distribution of the object for processing a pair of obtained images. Keywords: measurement reduction, ghost images, multiplexing, image processing. DOI: 10.3103/S0027134920040037
INTRODUCTION Ghost images [1–4] are one of the options for solving the problem of studying light-sensitive objects that are difficult to optically observe directly. Generating phantom images requires a source of correlated light beams, one of which interacts with the object, while the other does not (see Fig. 1). The detector in the object arm provides only the information on the total intensity of the transmitted radiation. The coupled beam does not interact with the object but is recorded by the CCD matrix, allowing the measurement of the spatial correlation function of the intensity between the two arms. One of the important arguments in favor of using quantum ghost images is the creation of the leastdamaging illumination conditions for the object under study when the radiation effect on the object (sometimes irreversible) is minimal [5, 6]. This is especially important when irradiating living beings, for example, by X-rays. Diffraction of photons in the object arm and in the reference arm occurs independently, and under the corresponding registration conditions, the ghost image is blurred to a greater extent than the regular one due to diffraction [7, 9]. In addition, while * **
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regular images require only registration of a photon interacting with an object, to generate a ghost image it is necessary to register a pair of photons, i.e., the average number of registered photons is proportional to the square of the quantum efficiency of the sensors, provided that it is the same for all the sensors. From these considerations it follows that photons in the object arm carry information that is not recorded during the usual ghost imaging. We suggested [10] new setup (see Fig. 1b) to extract this information. In the object arm, inst
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