Mathematical Theory of Democracy
The mathematical theory of democracy deals with selection of representatives who make decisions on behalf of the whole society. In this book, the notion of representativeness is operationalized with the index of popularity (the average percentage of the p
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Andranik Tangian
Mathematical Theory of Democracy
Studies in Choice and Welfare
Editors-in-Chief M. Fleurbaey, USA M. Salles, France
Series Editors B. Dutta, United Kingdom W. Gaertner, Germany C. Herrero Blanco, Spain B. Klaus, Switzerland P.K. Pattanaik, USA K. Suzumura, Japan W. Thomson, USA
For further volumes: http://www.springer.com/series/6869
Andranik Tangian
Mathematical Theory of Democracy
Andranik Tangian WSI Hans-Böckler-Foundation Düsseldorf Germany
Studies in Choice and Welfare ISSN 1614-0311 ISBN 978-3-642-38723-4 ISBN 978-3-642-38724-1 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-38724-1 Springer Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London Library of Congress Control Number: 2013946204 © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2014 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Exempted from this legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher’s location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Permissions for use may be obtained through RightsLink at the Copyright Clearance Center. Violations are liable to prosecution under the respective Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
To Olga Tangian, who encouraged me to write this book
Preface
I have come to the conclusion that politics is too serious a matter to be left to the politicians. Charles De Gaulle (1890–1970)
During the last decades, democracy has significantly advanced throughout the world, expanding from the level of single countries to that of world community. Now democracy has gained the status of obligatory password to fruitful international relations, facilitating political dialogue and collaborati
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