Maximum isometric tongue force in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea
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Maximum isometric tongue force in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea Richard Birk1 · Boris A. Stuck1 · Joachim T. Maurer2 · Angela Schell2 · C. Emika Müller1 · Benedikt Kramer2 · Stephan Hoch1 · J. Ulrich Sommer3 Received: 1 August 2020 / Accepted: 25 August 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Background Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a sleep disorder with a prevalence of 9–38%. The underlying pathology in OSA is a collapse of the upper airway. Especially in more severely affected patients, this collapse is often located at the level of the tongue base. Therefore, various implantable systems (anchors and ligament techniques) were developed to prevent or overcome this collapse. These systems are exposed to various forces. Different models have been developed to measure these forces and data comparing forces in healthy individuals with OSA patients are rare. Purpose Purpose of the study was to evaluate possible differences in tongue forces between healthy individuals and patients with OSA. Method To evaluate maximum isometric tongue forces, we conducted a matched pair design study including 20 healthy individuals and 20 patients suffering from OSA. Maximum isometric tongue forces were measured in an anterior/posterior direction with the help of self-designed new device that clamps the tongue. Results We could show that the maximum isometric force does not differ significantly in healthy individuals (10.7 ± 5.2N) from patients with OSA (14.4 ± 6.3N). Conclusion Currently there are no indications that maximum isometric tongue force does differ in healthy individuals and patients with OSA. Higher, as well as lower, tongue forces in patients with OSA seem not to differ from healthy subjects and therefore may not be needed to consider, in the development of tongue management devices, for OSA patients. Keywords Tongue · Force · Strength · OSA · Advancement · Suspension · Retention · Stabilization
Introduction The human tongue has to manage a couple of tasks necessary to live. This includes mastication, speech and swallowing. For the swallowing phase, in particular, the oral This article is part of the Topical Collection on sleep apnea syndrome Guest Editors: Manuele Casale, Rinaldi Vittorio. * Richard Birk [email protected]‑marburg.de 1
Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Marburg, Philipps Universität Marburg, Baldingerstraße, 35039 Marburg, Germany
2
Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
3
Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
preparation, the oral transit and the pharyngeal phase, specific different forces are required [62]. It is also known, that reduction of the muscle tonus naturally occurs during sleep. This may contribute or intensify an obstruction of the upper airway in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). OSA is a sleep disorder with a prevalence of 9–38%. Prevalence is increasing in the last yea
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