Measurement and correlation of displacements on the Severn Suspension Bridge using GPS
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Measurement and correlation of displacements on the Severn Suspension Bridge using GPS Gethin Wyn Roberts 1
&
Xu Tang 2 & Christopher J. Brown 3
Received: 24 January 2018 / Accepted: 4 December 2018 # Società Italiana di Fotogrammetria e Topografia (SIFET) 2018
Abstract The use of global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) to monitor the deformations and displacements of structures is well established. Traditionally, research has focussed on the movements of individual locations upon such a structure. In this study, survey-grade global positioning system (GPS) receivers were placed at nine locations upon the bridge and on the tops of the four support towers, and GNSS (GPS, GLONASS) receivers at five key locations on the two suspension cables of the Severn Suspension Bridge. Data were gathered at 10 Hz and 20 Hz, positioned relative to reference GNSS receivers located nearby, over a period of 4 days. This resulted in a dataset allowing the daily movements of the bridge due to applied loading to be measured to millimetre precision. This paper describes the layout of the survey, as well as the movements of the various GNSS antenna locations relative to each other in terms of 3D displacements as well as the frequencies of the movements. A correlation function is developed and applied on the kinematic GPS data, illustrating the synchronised and relative movements of these locations. Correlation between the movements of the bridge’s support towers and suspension cables is illustrated, and conclusions about this development with respect to the potential application of the technique as part of a Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) system are drawn. Keywords GPS . GNSS . Deformation monitoring . Suspension bridge . Structural Health Monitoring
Introduction Farrar et al. (2001) define damage in terms of recognisable changes in the characteristics of a system that affect its performance. This implies the need to establish the current state, or datum, in order to measure any future changes. Such changes could alter the stiffness, mass or energy dissipation properties of a system, which in turn would alter the measured dynamic response of the structure. Measurements of the magnitude of displacements and frequencies of vibration can, on a new bridge, serve as useful parameters for comparison with those predicted by any numerical models used in design, and provide validation and give increased confidence in performance * Gethin Wyn Roberts [email protected] 1
Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, University of the Faroe Islands, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands
2
The University of Nottingham Ningbo, Ningbo, China
3
Brunel University London, London, UK
predictions. Such measurements can assist the processes of maintenance and, where necessary, repair. When monitored over a long period, the comparison of any changes to the initial datum could potentially lead to identification of possible damage in the structure, for example, due to long-term overloading and impacts by heavy vehicles, or sudden extreme events
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